POWER May 2017 - 12

4. A giant underground. The four-unit 1,332-MW Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme is
located 350 meters underground in the world's largest machine hall in mud rock. It is part of
South African utility Eskom's peaking fleet of power stations. This image shows a unit shaft in
the machine hall. Courtesy: Eskom
climate-related risk by ensuring projects
are planned and operated to be resilient
to climate change. The World Bank, for
example, has launched a study to develop
guidelines for designing resilient projects
and enabling them to take advantage
of opportunities arising from climate
change.
After Blackout, South
Australia Wrests Control of
Its Power Security
Freshly reeling from a statewide blackout,
South Australia's government in March released
an energy plan that seeks to cut
its reliance on an electricity interconnector
with eastern Australia that feeds
the state coal power. The state, which
recently shuttered its
last
pointedly said the national
coal plant,
electricity
to a slowdown of development of new
projects in China, a country that is generally
seeing a generation capacity glut.
China has the world's most hydropower
capacity, with 331 GW in service at the
end of 2016 (Figure 3). But in 2016, the
country started up only 11.7 GW of new
hydropower projects, including 3.7 GW
of pumped storage. That compares with
19.4 GW of new capacity installed
in
2015 and 21.9 GW in 2014.
Last year, Brazil contributed a total of
6.4 GW, bringing online a handful of projects,
including the 3.7-GW Jirau plant.
Other countries leading installations
worldwide were: Ecuador (2 GW), Ethiopia
(1.5 GW), South Africa (1.3 GW), Vietnam
(1.1 GW), Peru (1 GW), and Switzerland
(1 GW). Drivers for hydropower's growth
include a general increase in demand for
renewable power as countries seek to
meet carbon reduction goals set out in
the Paris Agreement, the IHA said.
A noteworthy development highlighted
by the organization was that about 6.4
GW of pumped storage systems were installed
worldwide in 2016-more than
twice the 2.5 GW installed in 2015 (see
this issue's " THE BIG PICTURE: Pumped
Storage " ). The surge in pumped storage
system installations is in tandem with
soaring interest in energy storage technologies
to support the integration of
variable generation and support grid stability,
it noted. Projects brought online
last year include three of four units at
Eskom's Ingula Pumped Storage Scheme
12
(Figure 4) in South Africa.
In its assessment of key trends, the
IHA suggested that momentum is building
for the establishment of a support facility
for hydropower project preparation.
Such a facility, it said, would optimize
private sector engagement by managing
a revolving fund to support the selection
of the most appropriate project type and
location according to the local context.
It also noted that it is seeing an uptick
of floating photovoltaic projects on hydropower
reservoirs, as well as surging
interest from major energy companies in
China, Japan, Russia, and South Korea
around the creation of an " Asian Super
Grid, " in which an ultra-high-voltage grid
would link electric grids across regions,
countries, and continents.
It also said asset management is becoming
increasingly challenging across
the sector as a growing number of hydropower
assets reach the end of their
expected life. " By 2050, it is estimated
that roughly half of the entire fleet of existing
hydropower equipment will require
modernisation, " the IHA said. " The digitisation
of hydropower plants, control
systems and surrounding networks is an
emerging industry trend that promises to
optimise asset management and performance. "
Digital innovations include cybersecurity,
plant and fleet optimization,
outage management, condition monitoring
equipment, and energy forecasting.
Finally, the IHA noted that financing
institutions are seeking to address
www.powermag.com
market is failing and stressed it wants to
rely on wind, solar, and natural gas that
it produces despite an elevated risk of
power shortages and summer blackouts.
The state suffered a so-called " Black
System " event that shut off the lights for
1.7 million South Australians on September
28, 2016. The cause of the event, in
a state that gets a majority of its power
from natural gas and wind, has been disputed,
but it has set off a raging debate
about the state of Australia's electricity
system and policies that will shape its
future power mix.
In a final report following an investigation
into the September 2016 event
released on March 28, the Australian Energy
Market Operator (AEMO) concluded
that at about 4 p.m., two tornadoes damaged
a single circuit 275-kV transmission
line and a double circuit 275-kV transmission
line, some 170 kilometers apart,
causing them to trip.
A sequence of faults in quick succession
resulted in six voltage dips on the
South Australian grid over a two-minute
period. As the number of faults grew, nine
wind farms in the state activated protective
features, reducing power by 456 MW
over a period of less than seven seconds.
That ultimately caused a significant increase
in imported power through the
main interconnector linking South Australia
with neighboring Victoria to such a
level that it tripped the line.
About 90% of power had been restored
within eight hours following the event,
but it continues to cast a shadow over
the state's power reliability. AEMO said in
its report that changes made to the wind
turbine control settings removed the risk
of recurrence of the " same number of disPOWER
| May 2017
http://www.powermag.com

POWER May 2017

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of POWER May 2017

Contents
POWER May 2017 - Cover1
POWER May 2017 - Cover2
POWER May 2017 - Contents
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