POWER October 2013 - 12

THE BIG PICTURE: Emissions Enforcement
Since 1999 when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiated what is perhaps its most
comprehensive enforcement initiative, it has issued complaints, notices of violations, and administrative
orders for hundreds of coal units under the Clean Air Act's New Source Review (NSR) program.
The agency alleges that these units failed to obtain a Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
permit to install Best Available Control Technology (BACT) prior to " modifying " the units in a manner
that increased emissions of air pollutants. More than 70% of the nation's coal-fired fleet is under
investigation for NSR violations. -Copy and art by Sonal Patel, associate editor
EPA'S NSR PROGRESS
FY2012 FY2011
Units under
investigation
Units in
compliance
19992010
2011-2012:
139
GW
1999-2010:
118 GW
836
830
804
461
425
328
NSR Investigations by Coal-Fired Units
Note: Figures compared with U.S. coal fleet " universe " of 1,136 units
Source: EPA
U.S. coal fleet:
338 GW
Violations Resolved by Coal-Fired Capacity
Source: EPA
VIOLATION SETTLEMENTS TO DATE
1. Wisconsin Power and Light (Apr.
2013)7a
; >$1Bb
2. Dominion Energy (Apr. 2013)7;
>$325M
3. Wisconsin Public Service Corp.
(Jan. 2013)6; >$300M
4. Louisiana Generating (Nov.
2012)3; >$250M
5. Dairyland Power (June 2012)3;
>$150M
6. Tennessee Valley Authority (April
2011)59; $3B-$5B
7. Northern Indiana Public Service
Co. (Jan. 2011)11; $600M
8. Hoosier Energy Rural Electric
(July 2010)4 ;>$275M
9. American Municipal Power (May
2010)4; $0
10. Westar Energy (Jan. 2010)3;
>$500M
11. Ohio Edison Co. (Aug. 2009)29;
>$1.1B
12. Kentucky Utilities Co. (Feb.
2009)1; >$135M
13. Salt River Project Agricultural
Improvement and Power District (Aug.
2008)2; >$400M
14. American Electric Power (Oct.
2007)46; >$4.6B
15. East Kentucky Power (July 2007)6;
>$600M
16. Nevada Power Co. (June 2007)4;
>$60,000
17. Alabama Power Co. (Apr. 2006)2;
>$200,000
18. Minnkota Power and Square Butte
Electric (Apr. 2006)3;>$100M
19. Illinois Power Co. and Dynegy
Midwest Generation (Mar. 2005)10;
>$500M
20. South Carolina Public Service
Authority (Mar. 2004)12; >$400M
21. Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Co.
(June 2003)3; >$30M
22. Wisconsin Electric Power Co. (Apr.
2003)23; >$600M
23. Virgina Electric and Power Co. (Apr.
2003)20; >$1.2B
24. ALCOA (March 2003)3; >$330M
25. PSEG Fossil (Jan. 2002)4; >$337M
26. Tampa Electric Co. (Feb. 2000)10;
>$1B
Notes: aNumber of coal units involved; b
control costs; Sources: EPA, GAO
Estimated
18
1
5
22
2
16
10
13
4
24
26
$14.8B
Total estimated
control costs for 289
involved coal units
resulting from NSR
enforcement actions
since 1999
7 years
Average time to
conclude an NSR
violation settlement
between the
EPA and coal
generators
$629M
Total environmental
mitigation projects,
not including $92M
in civil penalties,
required by NSR
coal settlements
2.6M tpy
Total pollution
8
19
14 9 11 11
15
7
21 2
6 12
6
6
17
14
14
25
2314
23
20
3
2
EPA enforcement
goal by FY2016:
253.3 GW
reductions required
by EPA coal unit
NSR enforcement
actions since 1999
12
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POWER October 2013

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