POWER September 2017 - 12

to be finished in 2017, using 194,000 PV
modules divided among 13 floating arrays.
Japan was the first country to bring
FPV online in 2013, but the renewable energy
option has since been implemented
in several countries. The world's largest
FPV farm came online in June of this year
in China, a 40-MW system on a lake near
Huainan. The world's now-second-largest
project came online in 2016; the 6.3-MW
Thames Water solar farm sits on the Queen
Elizabeth II reservoir outside London,
near Heathrow Airport.
FPV systems are cabled the same way as
ground-mounted PV systems, except that
the junction boxes on the floating arrays
are connected to onshore inverters via a
flexible marine direct current (DC) cable
or normal DC cable, which is protected
in a waterproof, sealed, floating conduit.
The main electrical equipment is located
onshore. Floating PV panels usually operate
more efficiently, and can produce more
power, than ground-mounted solar arrays
due to the natural cooling effect of the
surrounding water.
-Darrell Proctor is a POWER associate
editor.
Tesla to Install World's
Largest Lithium-Ion
Battery Storage Project
A lithium-ion battery under development
by Tesla in South Australia (SA) will be the
world's largest of its type when completed
by the end of the year. Through a competitive
bidding process, Tesla was selected in
July 2017 to provide the 100-MW/129MWh
Powerpack system.
The battery storage project (Figure 3)
will store energy from the Hornsdale Wind
Farm operated by renewable energy provider
Neoen near Jamestown, SA. " Working
in close collaboration with the South
Australian Government and Neoen, this
grid scale energy storage project is not
only sustainable, but will help solve power
shortages, reduce intermittencies, and
manage summertime peak load to improve
the reliability of South Australia's electrical
infrastructure, " according to a Tesla
press release.
The Hornsdale Wind Farm consists of
roughly 100 wind turbines generating approximately
1,050 GWh of renewable electricity
into the national power grid each
year. According to the project website, the
wind farm is roughly 80% complete.
It is hoped that the project will help
address SA's problem with blackouts. Famously,
in September 2016, a massive
storm knocked out electricity to 1.7 million
residents. Already in 2017, additional-though
less wide reaching-power
outages have left tens-of-thousands of
residents without electricity during hot
summer days.
The September 2016 blackout was determined
to be due in part to the state's
large percentage of renewable energy generation.
" The generation mix now includes
increased amounts of non-synchronous
and inverter-connected plant. This generation
has different characteristics to
conventional plant, and uses active control
systems, or complex software, to ride
through disturbances. With less synchronous
generation online, the system is experiencing
more periods with low inertia
and low available fault levels, so AEMO
is working with industry on ways to use
the capability of these new types of power
generation to build resilience to extreme
events, " according to a March 2017 Australia
Energy Market Operator (AEMO) report
concerning the event.
Wind generation in the state is sigPSEG
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12
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