Avionics News February 2023 - 48

series
BY THOMAS INMAN
Part 1
DNS
I
n this month's Theory & Practice column, we
begin another series; this time in six parts, at least.
Those wishing to add a dependent navigation
systems endorsement to their ASTM aircraft electronics
technician certificate will find these stories handy. The
essays here are not a comprehensive study guide or
text. For a text, we recommend the Avotek publisher's
Avionics: Beyond the AET. In addition, we recommend
earning a radio communication systems endorsement
before studying for the DNS endorsement. Study material
for the DNS endorsement assumes the reader has a grasp
of radio theory. Furthermore, dependent navigation
systems are a form of communication, often one way. The
graphics in this and upcoming stories are drawn from the
Avotek textbook.
In my experience as a teacher and college professor,
I've found knowledge of basic navigation concepts and
map reading skills are not universal. This may be due
to the fact that we rarely need to study a map today.
Instead, our phone, or our car, gives us verbal and graphic
instructions when to make a turn. This month, we will
review some basic navigational concepts and conventions.
Let's start with north and south. We use the North
and South poles as reference points. The Earth is
rotating around an imaginary axis running from the true
geographic North pole to the true geographic South pole.
48 avionics news * february 2023
Normally, the top of a map indicates the most northerly
direction. If the map is not oriented with north toward
the top, it should be annotated to show which part of the
map is more northward. Some tourist map makers will
frustrate travelers by drawing a map without a northward
orientation and not indicating which direction is north.
Figure 1 shows two simple outline maps of Florida. Notice
how the outline on the left of the figure is recognizable
immediately. On the right, Florida is less recognizable.
Although " north up " is the convention, many mapping
devices have an option of showing " track up. " These
devices should have an arrow to indicate north. " Track
up " maps are useful because it puts map symbols in the
same relative position they will be when viewed by the
driver, cycler, boater, flyer or hiker.
On a map or globe, lines called meridians run from
the North pole to the South pole. These meridians are
labeled and measured in degrees; however, these degrees
never reach 360 like a full circle. Instead, they stop at
180. So there are meridians 0-180 east and 0-180 west.
The zero-degree meridian runs through the observatory in
Greenwich, England. The opposite, 180-degree meridian
runs mostly through the Pacific Ocean, but it also runs
near Anadyr in Asiatic Russia, which means Russia exists
in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres. The same
can be said for England, France, Spain, Algeria, Mali,

Avionics News February 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Avionics News February 2023

Avionics News February 2023 - Intro
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover1
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover2
Avionics News February 2023 - 1
Avionics News February 2023 - 2
Avionics News February 2023 - 3
Avionics News February 2023 - 4
Avionics News February 2023 - 5
Avionics News February 2023 - 6
Avionics News February 2023 - 7
Avionics News February 2023 - 8
Avionics News February 2023 - 9
Avionics News February 2023 - 10
Avionics News February 2023 - 11
Avionics News February 2023 - 12
Avionics News February 2023 - 13
Avionics News February 2023 - 14
Avionics News February 2023 - 15
Avionics News February 2023 - 16
Avionics News February 2023 - 17
Avionics News February 2023 - 18
Avionics News February 2023 - 19
Avionics News February 2023 - 20
Avionics News February 2023 - 21
Avionics News February 2023 - 22
Avionics News February 2023 - 23
Avionics News February 2023 - 24
Avionics News February 2023 - 25
Avionics News February 2023 - 26
Avionics News February 2023 - 27
Avionics News February 2023 - 28
Avionics News February 2023 - 29
Avionics News February 2023 - 30
Avionics News February 2023 - 31
Avionics News February 2023 - 32
Avionics News February 2023 - 33
Avionics News February 2023 - 34
Avionics News February 2023 - 35
Avionics News February 2023 - 36
Avionics News February 2023 - 37
Avionics News February 2023 - 38
Avionics News February 2023 - 39
Avionics News February 2023 - 40
Avionics News February 2023 - 41
Avionics News February 2023 - 42
Avionics News February 2023 - 43
Avionics News February 2023 - 44
Avionics News February 2023 - 45
Avionics News February 2023 - 46
Avionics News February 2023 - 47
Avionics News February 2023 - 48
Avionics News February 2023 - 49
Avionics News February 2023 - 50
Avionics News February 2023 - 51
Avionics News February 2023 - 52
Avionics News February 2023 - 53
Avionics News February 2023 - 54
Avionics News February 2023 - 55
Avionics News February 2023 - 56
Avionics News February 2023 - 57
Avionics News February 2023 - 58
Avionics News February 2023 - 59
Avionics News February 2023 - 60
Avionics News February 2023 - 61
Avionics News February 2023 - 62
Avionics News February 2023 - 63
Avionics News February 2023 - 64
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover3
Avionics News February 2023 - Cover4
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