Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 23-3 - 19

updated periodically. The principal document [28] discusses
JNT and cites an annexed document on low-temperature JNT
and the challenges that must be met in the low-temperature regime [30].

[11]	J. Hendricks, "Quantum for pressure," Measure for Measure,
Nature Physics, vol. 14, Jan. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.
nature.com/articles/nphys4338.
[12]	B. P. Kibble, "A measurement of the gyromagnetic ratio of
the proton by the strong field method," in Atomic Masses and

Conclusion

Fundamental Constants, J.H. Sanders and A. H. Wapstra, Eds. New

With the revision in May 2019, the SI stepped into the 21st century. Mercury columns and the international prototype of the
kilogram as symbols of 18th century metrology will soon be replaced by optical cavities and Kibble balances. The SI now is a
good fit to quantum physics and is already inspiring new technologies that shorten calibration chains, make use of accurate
theoretical calculations of useful gas properties, and a host of
other possibilities. These possibilities may have been available before 2019, but they are facilitated and encouraged by
the present SI.
We have chosen a diverse set of metrological research
to illustrate these points: mass determinations, electrical
measurements, flow metrology, pressure metrology, and thermometry. We could have mentioned many others. In addition,
basic metrology is continuously evolving: Basic metrology in
2030 might include a redefinition of the second, based on the
frequency of an optical clock.

York, NY, USA: Plenum, 1976.
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[10]	S. Kelley, Gauging pressure with light: a demonstration of the

[29]	"Mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin in the SI,"

fixed length optical cavity (FLOC), video, Feb. 2019. [Online].

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Available: https://www.nist.gov/video/gauging-pressure-light-

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demonstration-fixed-length-optical-cavity-floc.

utils/en/pdf/si-mep/SI-App2-kelvin.pdf.

May 2020	

IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine	19

https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys4338 https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys4338 https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2019/06/no-longer-under-pressure-nist-dismantles-giant-mercury-manometer https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2019/06/no-longer-under-pressure-nist-dismantles-giant-mercury-manometer https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2019/06/no-longer-under-pressure-nist-dismantles-giant-mercury-manometer https://www.nist.gov/video/gauging-pressure-light-demonstration-fixed-length-optical-cavity-floc https://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/si-mep/SI-App2-kelvin.pdf https://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/si-mep/SI-App2-kelvin.pdf https://www.nist.gov/video/gauging-pressure-light-demonstration-fixed-length-optical-cavity-floc

Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 23-3

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