Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 23-8 - 4
Impedance Spectroscopy: From
Laboratory Instrumentation to
Field Sensors
Olfa Kanoun
I
mpedance spectroscopy is a measurement method applied in many fields of science and technology, such as
electrochemistry, material science, biology and medicine
[1]. For impedance spectroscopy (IS), knowledge from several
fields of science and technology about measurement procedures, electrochemical and physical phenomena, modeling,
signal processing and electronic systems is indispensable. For
this purpose, the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society launched a technical committee on this field, acting as a
platform for promoting experience exchange and networking
between scientists and experts from industry. It serves to share
the knowledge and experience between scientists and to support new comers aiming to specialize in the field of impedance
spectroscopy.
Evolution of Impedance Spectroscopy
Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) is based on the Linear System
Theory which was mainly developed by Heaviside in the 19th
century [2]. Warburg introduced the concept of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), as he modeled a diffusional
process by the so-called "Warburg Impedance." The invention of the potentiostat in the 1940s and later the frequency
response analyzers in the 1970s broadened significantly the
use of EIS in exploring electrochemical reactions and corrosion
mechanisms, followed by the study of a wide range of materials, systems, and processes. Developments of microelectronics
enable the realization of compact devices, devices with a wide
frequency range covering several decades of frequencies [3],
large impedance ranges, phase sensitive measurements and
sophisticated signal processing including modeling [4] and
parameter extraction [5].
The measurement of complex impedance, at several frequencies or over a range of frequencies, provides interesting
possibilities for separating effects, which are dominating
in different frequency ranges [6], [7]. It provides more information than by only resistive, capacitive or inductive
measurements and allows measurements of inaccessible
quantities [8]. Furthermore, IS is experimentally efficient,
4
manifold and non-invasive. These aspects provide the method
with a potential, which is much more, as it is credited today.
Nowadays, IS is often used in many fields of science and
technology [9], [10] including medicine [11]-[14], chemistry,
corrosion research [15], battery research [16], [17], fuel cells [8],
sensors [18, 19], food characterization [20] and material science
[21]. More and more, embedded systems can be realized using
simple microcontrollers and implementing IS dedicated for
special requirements even at low-costs [22].
This article provides an overview of TC-2 Impedance
Spectroscopy [1], addressing this performant measurement
method and reporting about activities and perspectives for
further promotion of IS in science and technology.
Establishment of TC-2
In 2013, the Circle of Experts of Impedance Spectroscopy
(CEIS) was founded to promote exchange between experts
from academia and industry as an interest group for promoting IS in all of the subfields related to fundamentals and
applications. In 2019, the CEIS initiated a Technical Committee
within the activities of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society to promote IS as a measurement method, because
it is very important for instrumentation and sensor technology in several sectors. In October 2019, the IEEE accepted this
proposal, and TC-2 Impedance Spectroscopy was established
with Olfa Kanoun as the Chair. The committee has 19 members
from academia, and industry.
The aim of the TC-2 Impedance Spectroscopy is to serve as a
platform for scientists to promote this method in measurement
and sensor technology, to:
◗◗ Encourage research on subtopics and challenging topics
related to IS,
◗◗ Promote and facilitate the exchange of knowledge
between scientists,
◗◗ Organize events related to IS,
◗◗ Become an official consultative body for industry in the
field of IS, and
◗◗ Promote new standards and guidelines.
IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
1094-6969/20/$25.00©2020IEEE
November 2020
Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 23-8
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