Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 24-3 - 75

Publish Subscribe (RTPS) wire protocol within DDS allows
data sharing among different vendor implementations. Without brokers, DDS also decreases the probability of single point
of failure. The main entities in DDS include: Domain, Domain
Participant, Topic, publisher, subscriber, Data Writer and a
Data Reader [47]. Although DDS has not been widely used, it
is an important protocol for different variety of powerful and
resource constrained IoT devices.
As a rule of thumb for smart city applications, the choice
of a specific protocol depends on the business and functional
requirements, quality of service, security, reliability, and
scalability.

Business Insider, Mar. 6, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.
businessinsider.com/internet-of-things-report?IR=T.
[2]	 " Global Internet of Things (IoT) industry, " Global Industry
Analysts, Report Linker, July. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://
www.reportlinker.com/p03180724/?utm_source=GNW.
[3]	 B. Ooi and S. Shirmohammadi, " The potential of IoT for
instrumentation and measurement, " IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag.,
vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 21-26, May 2020.
[4]	 Y. Yang, M. Zhong, H. Yao, F. Yu, X. Fu and O. Postolache,
" Internet of things for smart ports: Technologies and challenges, "
IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 34-43, Feb. 2018.
[5]	 K. Brinker and R. Zoughi, " Future trends for I&M, " IEEE Instrum.

IoT Cyber Security

Meas. Mag., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 3-9, May 2020.

With the increasing number of IoT sensors that are connected,
the value of breaching these systems increases proportionally
and draws in a growing pool of cyber attackers. A systematic
approach to assess IoT security risks should consider risk impact areas, critical risk categories, associated National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST) compliance specifications, requirements and mitigation strategies. Among them,
the impact areas should cover most applicable IoT components, including the end devices, connectivity, gateways,
network servers, applications, access control, and security
process management. Table 2 demonstrates similar methodology we have adopted for a recent security risk study on a
LoRaWAN sensor network [48].
It is also highly recommended that designers develop and
document processes for IoT information security management
that defines objectives as well as roles and responsibilities to
maintain cyber security best practices for smart cities. The
procedure should include the following operational aspects:
asset inventory management, device management, software
inventory management, vulnerability management plan, account management, secure password management, change
management, key management, cyber incident response plan,
anti-malware management, system hardening, secure remote
access management, secure network architecture and management, etc.

[6]	 C. Scuro, P. F. Sciammarella, F. Lamonaca, R. S. Olivito and D. L.
Carni, " IoT for structural health monitoring, " IEEE Instrum. Meas.
Mag., vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 4-14, Dec. 2018.
[7]	 J. Rivera-Mejía, J. Rivera-Jacquez, C. Modesto-Acosta, and
M. Tena-Vega, " Auto-compensed smart sensor with F-ISE to
continuous monitoring in public water supplies, " in Proc. IEEE
Int. Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf. (I2MTC), pp. 2628-2633, May
2012.
[8]	 F. Abate, M. Carratù, C. Liguori, M. Ferro and V. Paciello, " Smart
meter for the IoT, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf.
(I2MTC), pp. 1-6, 2018.
[9]	 Y. Kim, R. Evans and W. Iversen, " Remote sensing and control
of an irrigation system Using a distributed wireless sensor
network, " IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1379-1387,
Jul. 2008.
[10]	G. Betta, G. Cerro, M. Ferdinandi, L. Ferrigno and M. Molinara,
" Contaminants detection and classification through a customized
IoT-based platform: a case study, " IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag., vol.
22, no. 6, pp. 35-44, Dec. 2019.
[11]	V. Artokun, " How Canada is leading the adoption of smart
city technology, " The Roadrunner, Winter 2018-2019. [Online],
Available: https://products.gecurrent.com/sites/products.
currentbyge.com/files/How-Canada-is-Leading-the-Adoptionof-Smart-City-Technology.pdf.
[12]	 " The City's award-winning Internet of Things (IoT) network, "
The City of Calgary. [Online], Available: https://www.calgary.

Conclusions

ca/general/smartcity/award-winning-iot.html.

In this article we provide a comprehensive review of IoT technology within the context of Canadian smart city applications.
The discussion covers the end-to-end IoT system, including
sensors, wireless connectivity, industry standards, and cyber
security. Our survey discovered IoT has become one of the key
enabler technologies for most Canadian cities to achieve their
smart city objectives. As increasing numbers of Canadian cities
have either piloted different IoT technologies or implemented
IoT solutions in large scale deployment, new challenges and
problems have emerged and provided unique opportunities
for the I&M research and engineering communities.

[13]	 " Smart cities challenge finalists, " Infrastructure Canada, Jan.
21, 2019. [Online], Available: URL: https://www.infrastructure.
gc.ca/cities-villes/finalists-finalistes-eng.html.
[14]	 " Final proposal, " Infrastructure Canada, Mar. 2019. [Online],
Available: https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/cities-villes/
videos/montreal-eng.html.
[15]	 " City of Winnipeg | smart cities challenge proposal, " The City of
Winnipeg [Online], Available: https://winnipeg.ca/interhom/
SmartCitiesChallenge/CoW-Smart_Cities.pdf.
[16]	 " Smart cities challenge, " The City of Edmonton. [Online],
Available: https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/
initiatives_innovation/smart-cities-challenge.aspx.

References

[17]	M. T. Baldassarre, D. Caivano, D. Serrano, and E. Stroulia,

[1]	 P. Newman, " The Internet of Things 2020: here's what over
400 IoT decision-makers say about the future of enterprise
May 2021	

connectivity and how IoT companies can use it to grow revenue, "

" Smart traffic: an IoT traffic monitoring system based on open
source technologies on the cloud, " in Proc. 1st ACM SIGSOFT Int.

IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine	75

https://www.businessinsider.com/internet-of-things-report?IR=T https://www.businessinsider.com/internet-of-things-report?IR=T https://www.reportlinker.com/p03180724/?utm_source=GNW https://www.reportlinker.com/p03180724/?utm_source=GNW https://products.gecurrent.com/sites/products.currentbyge.com/files/How-Canada-is-Leading-the-Adoption-of-Smart-City-Technology.pdf https://products.gecurrent.com/sites/products.currentbyge.com/files/How-Canada-is-Leading-the-Adoption-of-Smart-City-Technology.pdf https://products.gecurrent.com/sites/products.currentbyge.com/files/How-Canada-is-Leading-the-Adoption-of-Smart-City-Technology.pdf https://www.calgary https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/cities-villes/finalists-finalistes-eng.html https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/cities-villes/finalists-finalistes-eng.html https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/cities-villes/videos/montreal-eng.html https://www.infrastructure.gc.ca/cities-villes/videos/montreal-eng.html https://www.calgary.ca/general/smartcity/award-winning-iot.html https://www.calgary.ca/general/smartcity/award-winning-iot.html https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/initiatives_innovation/smart-cities-challenge.aspx https://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/initiatives_innovation/smart-cities-challenge.aspx

Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 24-3

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