Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 24-7 - 22

Fig. 1. (a) Microphones, such as this USB microphone with windsock, can be installed near flowers to capture the audio of flight buzzes from (b) foraging bumble
bees. (c) Microphones can also be housed within artificial domiciles or commercial colonies to record acoustic behavior from (d) within bumble bee colonies. Photo
credits: Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, and Fig. 1c are courtesy of the author; Fig. 1d courtesy of Dr. Anton Gradišek (Jožef Stefan Institute, Slovenia).
bumble bee colonies is abuzz with a variety of sounds, many
of which have distinguishable acoustical characteristics. To
date, bumble bee colony bioacoustics research has been concentrated
in four areas: thermoregulation, foraging, defense
and dominance.
Thermoregulation
Bumble bees thermoregulate their nests to maintain suitable
conditions for rearing brood. Colony task allocation between
brood maintenance and thermoregulation tracks ambient
22
temperature and is acoustically detectable [4]. In warmer
than ideal conditions for rearing brood (greater than ~32 °C
for B. terrestris), bumble bees induce heat loss via convection
by fanning their wings inside the colony, creating a sustained
broadband acoustic signal with fundamental frequencies between
180-200 Hz [5] (Fig. 2). In colder temperatures, bumble
bees are able to warm themselves by two mechanisms: 'nonshake
shivering' or tetanus (rapid, fine muscle contractions
that cause little if any external motion or sound [6]); and by decoupling
their wings and rapidly contracting thoracic flight
IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
October 2021

Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 24-7

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