Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 25-5 - 36
Fig. 11 shows the PPP time comparison between UTC
(NTSC) and UTC (TP). The time comparison is maintained
within 8 ns, and the result calculated by BDS-3 PPP has the
same trend with the result published by BIPM. Taking the
BIPM result as a reference standard, the root mean square of
the residual of BDS-3 PPP time link relative to the BIPM is
0.7039 ns.
Fig. 11. The UTC (NTSC) - UTC (TP) by BDS-3 PPP.
Fig. 12 and Table 5 show the frequency stability and time
deviation of time comparisons between NTSC and TP using
the BDS-3 PPP time comparison. The Allan and time deviation
of BDS-3 PPP have the same magnitude with BIPM. Therefore,
based on the current BDS-3 new signal, PPP also can be used
for long-baseline high-precision time comparison and provide
users with GPS level services. With the continuous optimization
of BDS-3, the better services will be provided.
PPP Time Comparison with multi-GNSS Data
Fusion (GPS+Galileo+BDS-3)
To verify the compatibility and interoperability of BDS-3 with
other navigation systems, and provide better services for users,
the BDS-3, GPS and Galileo fusion PPP time comparison
experiment is carried out in this research.
For single systems such as GPS, BDS, and Galileo, the
observation equations of different systems received by the receiver
are shown in (1), and the time difference between local
time and different navigation systems time are shown in (15)-
(17) [21]:
d tt sys
GG
r
d tt sys
EE
r
d tt sys
CC
r
(15)
(16)
(17)
Fig. 12. The ADEV and TDEV of time difference between NTSC and TP by
BDS PPP.
where G denotes the GPS system, E denotes the Galileo system
and C denotes the BeiDou system.
In the multi-GNSS fusion PPP time comparison algorithm,
the receiver clock bias can be indicated by the time difference
between the receiver clock and different GNSS systems
time. Therefore, through the unification of receiver clock bias
Table 5 - ADEV and TDEV of UTC (NTSC) - UTC (TP)
ADEV
Tau(s)
BIPM
300
600
1200
2400
4800
9600
19200
38400
76800
36
3.847E-13
2.725E-13
1.945E-13
1.408E-13
9.202E-14
6.818E-14
5.311E-14
2.994E-14
2.165E-14
BDS-3
4.097E-13
2.779E-13
1.922E-13
1.341E-13
9.544E-14
7.959E-14
8.070E-14
5.353E-14
2.433E-14
BIPM
6.661E-02
7.518E-02
9.823E-02
1.393E-01
1.754E-01
2.731E-01
4.377E-01
4.028E-01
8.576E-01
IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
BDS-3
7.097E-02
7.603E-02
9.520E-02
1.322E-01
1.898E-01
3.539E-01
7.033E-01
7.966E-01
7.771E-01
August 2022
TDEV
Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 25-5
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 25-5
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