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devices. In our implementation, the ELK-Stack is shown to
be effective both for log collection and organization, and
also for detecting a cyber incident.
For our future work, we intend to use the collected data,
for research purposes and for deriving intelligence and
combine it with real attacks indicators. That can contribute
towards solving the ground truth problem by having the
knowledge of what incidends occurred in the system. From
a real-world perspective, organizations can share their attack
data, namely IoCs with the community. For instance,
considering a malicious activity, the organization can share
the IP addresses and domains involved, or the files and binaries
footprints left by the attackers during the activity.
This approach could spread the awareness on the community
and help to reduce the risk for other organizations,
assuming that the attackers are using the same tools and
techniques.
References
[1] N. A. Khan, S. N. Brohi, and N. Zaman, " Ten deadly cyber
security threats amid COVID-19 pandemic, " TechRxiv preprint,
2020.
[2] H. S. Lallie et al., " Cyber security in the age of COVID-19: a
timeline and analysis of cyber-crime and cyber-attacks during the
pandemic, " Comput. Secur., vol. 105, p. 102248, Jun. 2021.
[3] C. Onwubiko, " Cyber security operations centre: security
monitoring for protecting business and supporting cyber defense
strategy, " in Proc. 2015 Int. Conf. Cyber Situational Awareness, Data
Analytics and Assessment (CyberSA), Jun. 2015.
[4] M. Fuentes-Garcia, J. Camacho, and G. Macia-Fernandez,
" Present and future of network security monitoring, " IEEE
Access, vol. 9, pp. 112744-112760, 2021.
[5] G. Karantzas and C. Patsakis, " An empirical assessment of
endpoint detection and response systems against advanced
persistent threats attack vectors, " J. Cybersecurity Priv., vol. 1, no.
3, pp. 387-421, Jul. 2021.
[6] M. Vielberth, F. Bohm, I. Fichtinger, and G. Pernul, " Security
operations center: a systematic study and open challenges, " IEEE
Access, vol. 8, pp. 227756-227779, 2020.
[7] I. Ghafir, J. Svoboda, and V. Prenosil, 'Network monitoring
approaches an overview, " in Proc. 3rd
Int. Conf. Advances in
Computing, Communication and Information Technol. (CCIT) 2015,
pp. 118-123, May, 2015.
[8] G. González-Granadillo, S. González-Zarzosa, and R. Diaz,
" Security information and event management (SIEM): analysis,
trends, and usage in critical infrastructures, " Sensors, vol. 21, no.
14, p. 4759, Jul. 2021.
[9] R.-V. Mahmoud, E. Kidmose, A. Turkmen, O. Pilawka, and J. M.
Pedersen, 'DefAtt - architecture of virtual cyber labs for research
and education, " in Proc. 2021 Int. Conf. Cyber Situational Awareness,
Data Analytics and Assessment (CyberSA), pp. 1-7, Jun. 2021.
Rasmi-Vlad Mahmoud (rvm@es.aau.dk) is a Ph.D. degree
candidate at Aalborg University in Aalborg, Denmark, where
he obtained his M.Sc. degree in networks and distributed systems.
His research interests lie in the areas of cyber ranges,
threat intelligence and malware analysis.
Marios Anagnostopoulos (mariosa@es.aau.dk) is an Assistant
Professor in cyber security at Aalborg University in Aalborg,
Denmark. His research interests lie in the areas of network and
computer security, specifically DNS security, denial of service
attacks, botnets, malware analysis, and forensics.
Jens Myrup Pedersen (jens@es.aau.dk) is a Professor of cyber
security at Aalborg University in Aalborg, Denmark, where he
heads the cyber security research group and coordinates the
master program in cyber security. His research interests are
mainly in network security, including network-based detection
of malicious activity and design of virtual environments
for data generation and security. In addition, he is Head Coach
for the national Danish cyber security team.
36
IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
September 2022

Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 25-6

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