Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 25-9 - 57

Table 3 - Indoor data with the concentration of various air pollutants (PPM) of Uttara, Dhaka
CO
(CO2
Mean: Day 1
Mean: Day 2
Mean: Day 3
Mean: Day 4
Mean: Day 5
Mean: Day 1-5
Standard Deviation: Day 1-5
89.39
94.78
94.14
93.28
93.05
92.93
2.09
were on the streets. The proposed system detected the values
properly with various sensors and transfered them to the local
server.
Data collection from Uttara, Dhaka: Nowadays, indoor air
quality monitoring is essential for better health and a suitable
place for living and working as people work and live inside a
building. Consequently, smart buildings with proper ventilation
of hazardous contaminants are constructed to improve
indoor air quality. The indoor air quality with the concentration
of various air contaminants from our study in the Uttara
area of Dhaka for five days is listed in Table 3. In this table,
mean and standard deviation values of various air particles
measured by the proposed device for multiple days are given.
All of the air particle concentrations exceeded the indoor
safety limit, e.g., the amount of CO of Uttara is approximately
two times higher than its safe indoor limit.
Again, air contamination data were taken from the outdoor
places of the western part of Uttara and found to have diverse
values, as listed in Table 4. As expected, the air quality was
better in the indoor than the outdoor environment, i.e., on average,
the outdoor air pollutants were 1.63 times higher than
the indoor emissions. The main reason behind this was that it
was a crowded place with many vehicles and construction activities
on the streets. The amount of carbon monoxide (CO) in
the outdoor environment was very high (2.30 times compared
to the indoors) as it is generated from the burning fossil fuels
of the vehicles. Also, particulate matter (PM) and dust were
LPG
, O3
, SO2
472.35
448.42
450.95
458.64
459.46
457.96
9.35
)
Dust
47.1
49.13
47.18
47.09
47.18
47.536
0.89
NOx
80.03
79.7
80.18
83.54
80.3
80.75
1.58
generated to a concerning level, a factor from the combustion
process of vehicle fuels and construction site materials. All
these sets of indoor and outdoor air pollution data of Uttara
suburb of Dhaka exceeded safe level concentration, which is
very alarming for human health and the environment.
Fig. 4 depicts the real-time aerial structural view captured
by the drone's Raspberry Pi camera during its flight path
while collecting data in the Uttara area of Dhaka. According to
the figure, there were plenty of different vehicles on the street
of Uttara, e.g., cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, taxis, etc.,
which increased the level of pollutants in the atmosphere. Fig.
4b shows the drone's flight route on the Google Maps application.
As illustrated in the figure, the drone was flown over
the three routes indicated by red lines. These same paths were
used to collect outdoor air quality data for five consecutive
days, covering distances of 550, 800, and 850 m. As mentioned
earlier, the drone's battery lasted 12-14 min to cover one itinerary.
It is worth noting that multiple batteries were used to
collect data six times from each route, and the mean value of
these data are listed in Table 4. Fig. 5 shows the concentration
of CO, NOx, and dust collected from MQ2, MQ135, and PM
sensors, respectively, at different time instances for the outdoor
environment of Uttara, Dhaka. Finally, concentrations of
CO, LPG (CO2, O3, SO2), dust, and NOx pollutants are demonstrated
in real-time on a mobile phone's screen using the
Blynk smartphone application. According to Fig. 6, our proposed
system can monitor air quality data remotely from
anywhere.
Table 4 - Outdoor data with the concentration of various air pollutants (PPM) of Uttara, Dhaka
CO
(CO2
Mean: Day 1
Mean: Day 2
Mean: Day 3
Mean: Day 4
Mean: Day 5
Mean: Day 1-5
Standard Deviation: Day 1-5
December 2022
199.31
263.99
237.6
151.3
204.66
211.37
42.59
LPG
, O3
, SO2
719.68
631.65
547.74
552.96
551.04
600.61
75.27
IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
)
Dust
42.63
89.72
112.1
111.69
73.86
86
29.08
NOx
65.52
69.53
72.45
152.68
189.87
110.01
57.50
57

Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 25-9

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