Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 26-1 - 55

studied by analyzing their morphological characteristics. We
can establish the characteristics of the internal relationships
between their migration and evolution. These characteristics
of the internal relationships can be analyzed by:
Rxy  Cx Cy f x y(, )ii i
Cx Cy f x y(, )
 
i ii i
 0Cx Cy0
i
   
 Cx Cy
00
(3)
where R xy is the relative gradient changes of microcrack imaging
boundary in X and Y gradient directions in the image.
 Cx and Cy are the changes of the relative gray concentration
of the pixel value points on the spots of the imaging
region in the X and Y gradient directions of the ultrasonic image,
respectively.
Cx 0and Cy 0 are the initial values of the
Fig. 6. One monitoring test result of granular pollutants and their settling
boundaries.
of the morphological characteristics of pollutants underwater
and the tracking of their migration changes; the extraction
of the imaging bright bands of granular pollutants in watersoil-rock
interface and then the visualization and real-time
monitoring; and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of
the internal organizational structures of the imaging area.
Analysis and Discussion of Pollutant
Form Characteristics
Analysis of the Morphological Characteristics of
Pollutants
The size and area of the imaging spot and the brightness and
width of the bright imaging band of the boundary structure
were statistically analyzed according to the characteristics
of the granular pollutants between the water-soil-rock interfaces.
Formula (1) and formula (2) are used to analyze the size
and area of the spots and bands, where
R C is the relative
change of spot gray concentration in the image, f(i,j) is the gray
value of pixels in the image,
S 0 is the initial value of relative
area, and C 0 is the initial value of relative gray concentration.
N is the image spot particle number, and C is the gray
concentration.
C  f ij
N

RC
255
N
all


nn

  
  
CC C
SS S
10
nn
 10
n1 (, )n
p
100%
(1)
(2)
These characteristic quantities are used to analyze the interactions
between water and particulate pollutants at the
interfaces between water, soil, and rock. The erosion damage
variation law was analyzed. The physical and chemical interaction
between water-soil-rock and granular pollutants were
February 2023
relative gray concentration of the original coordinate points in
the X and Y gradient directions, respectively.
The main statistical analysis methods for the morphological
characteristics of pollutants are as follows: the size and
area of the imaging spot is recognized, and the brightness
and width of the imaging bright band at the junction are statistically
analyzed; according to the characteristic quantity of
statistical analysis, the internal relationship and interaction
mechanism between water-soil-rock interfaces and granular
pollutants were evaluated; and the influences of different
granular pollutants' materials are analyzed, and physical and
chemical properties of rock and soil mass are evaluated, based
on their parameters of ultrasound imaging characteristic in
this area.
For the acquired ultrasound video images, the following
steps are mainly used for later analysis and processing: the
difference between the ultrasonic images are calculated by difference
operation between every two adjacent frames; the next
image subtracts the difference image between the two frames
in turn to obtain the target image, which improves the monitoring
accuracy of pollutants in groundwater; and the target
image can be further processed by adaptive threshold segmentation
and morphological filtering method to obtain the
enhanced ultrasonic image of pollutants in the underwater
and interface, which further improved the monitoring accuracy
of pollutants during the experimental test.
Experimental Results and Discussion
Digital acoustic beam synthesis technology is widely used
in modern ultrasound diagnostic apparatus, which has improved
the focusing characteristics of the acoustic beam and
the resolution of image. Moreover, the light spot image of sediment
particles with a diameter as small as 0.05 mm in water
can be clearly obtained by using the PUDI, and the suspended
sediment concentration (SSC) and the underwater topography
can be measured [10]. Since the existing technical solution
cannot be well applied to fine visual detection and real-time
analysis of groundwater environmental problems, we use the
PUDI to achieve the underwater detection and water-soil-rock
profile imaging analysis and obtain series of ultrasonic images
IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
55
Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 26-1

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