Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 26-1 - 56

interface and then achieve the underwater granular pollutants
detection and the profile imaging analysis of the water-soilrock
interface. After the quantitative and qualitative analysis
of the ultrasonic image data, the following conclusions can be
obtained:
◗ Ultrasound imaging technology can realize the real-time
imaging observation of granular pollutants in water and
their bottom accumulation surface and can carry out
some visual analysis in the imaging area;
Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of ultrasound imaging experiment in the field cave.
which can include underwater, pollutants, water-soil-rock interfaces,
and inner structures in the image.
After many experimental tests, there is a one-to-one correspondence
between each detail imaging feature and the
actual certain water-soil-rock structure. These correspondence
relationships can further reflect the physical and chemical evolution
characteristics between pollutants and the structures of
the interface. Results show that ultrasound imaging technology
can realize the real-time imaging observation of pollutants
in the water environment and their bottom accumulation surface.
Through the statistical analysis of the imaging spots' size
and area and the imaging bright bands' brightness and width
at the junction, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the
pollutants in the water and the bottom of the junction area are
realized, including the further study of their migration law.
Therefore, the detection accuracy of underwater topography
and particulate pollutants in this paper can be 0.1 mm, and the
detection and tracking accuracy can reach 0.1 mm/s, after experimental
test and quantitative and qualitative analysis [11].
The improved PUDI in this paper can monitor the granular
pollutants and their migration in the groundwater in real time
and with high accuracy.
On this basis, a portable ultrasound imaging monitoring
system is developed. The system adopts full-digital Doppler
ultrasound diagnostic apparatus and increases the frequency
of ultrasonic waves accordingly. The imaging quality and
accuracy of underwater pollutants and rock and soil at the bottom
can be improved greatly. Thus, the precise monitoring of
pollutants under the water can be realized, as shown in Fig. 7.
Through further research and analysis, this system is expected
to realize the monitoring and analysis of particulate pollutants
in the water environment, the exploration and research of the
transport law of pollutants in groundwater and water body,
and the exploration and research of the interaction mechanism
between water, soil, and rock during water action. This system
will provide a new feasible way and a visualization real-time
detection method for geotechnical geological engineering and
mechanical engineering in the water environment.
Conclusions
In this paper, the use of the PUDI can realize the imaging analysis
of underwater water pollutants and water-earth-rock
56
◗ The detection accuracy of underwater granular pollutants
can be up to 0.1 mm, which can monitor the granular
pollutants and their migration in the groundwater in real
time, and the detection and tracking accuracy can be still
well when the moving speed of granular pollutants is up
to 0.1 m/s;
◗ This paper puts forward a kind of visualization monitoring
method for granular pollutants in the water-soil-rock
interface, and sets up a portable ultrasound imaging
monitoring system, which will realize the quantitative
and qualitative analysis of granular pollutants in the
water environment, including the exploration research of
migration rule of groundwater pollutant and the exploration
research of interaction mechanism between the
water-soil-rock interfaces.
Acknowledgment
This research was funded by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China, grant number 42007266, and funded
by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China,
grant number 2019CFB345. All of images and data are from our
actual drilling engineering and are permitted by the owners.
We are grateful for the many helpful and constructive comments
from many anonymous reviewers.
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IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
February 2023
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