Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 26-1 - 62

Fig. 6. Conductivity fitting curves. (a) Current simulation and experimental
fitting curve; (b) Voltage simulation and experimental fitting curve.
fitting this data and finite element simulation data are shown
in Fig. 6.
Both the current signal at the input terminal and the voltage
signal at the output terminal decrease with increasing conductivity
of seawater. When the conductivity of seawater is low,
the decline is significant, and the signal sensitivity increases.
However, as the conductivity gradually increases, the signal
detection sensitivity slowly decreases, and the rate of decline
slowly decreases. In contrast, the detection sensitivity of the
output voltage signal to the conductivity of seawater is more
potent than that of the input current signal, and the voltage signal
has a wider range of variation.
Four Different Topological Structure
Measurement and Simulation Results
Fig. 7 shows the measurement data of four different topological
systems at the same resonant frequency. Fig. 7a shows that
the input current signal of the S-S and S-P structures shows
a downwards trend as the conductivity increases. In comparison,
the P-S and P-P structures show an upwards trend.
In Fig. 7b, the output voltage signals of the four topological
62
Fig. 7. Measurement results for the four topologies. (a) Current result; (b)
Voltage t result.
structures show a downwards trend as the conductivity of
seawater increases. The signals of the S-S and S-P structures
decrease more significantly than those of the PS and PP structures.
This phenomenon may be due to the parallel structure of
the input coil, which orients the capacitor and the coil in parallel.
As a result, the parallel resistance value changes.
From the output voltage signal point of view, the S-S structure
has the best measurement effect. The voltage signal curve
declines significantly compared with those of the P-S and P-P
structures. Compared with that of the SP structure, the voltage
signal also changes more obviously when the conductivity
is high. The input current signals of the P-S and P-P structures
change more obviously than those of the S-S and S-P
structures.
Measurement Results under Different Resonance
Frequency Deviations
Fig. 8 shows the results of the input current and output voltage
measurements with other resonant frequency deviations.
The resonant frequency is set to 413.5 kHz, and the frequency
offsets are approximately ±15 kHz (400.5 kHz and 428.5 kHz)
IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine
February 2023

Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 26-1

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