Journal of Oral Implantology February 2014 - (Page 53)
RESEARCH
Removal Torque Analysis of Implants in Rabbit Tibia After
Topical Application of Simvastatin Gel
Fatima Neves Faraco-Schwed, DDS, MD, PhD1*
Luiz Macedo Mangueira, DDS, MS2
Joao Vitor Albuquerque Ribeiro, DDS1
Alexsandro Da Silva Antao, DDS1
Jamil Awad Shibli, DDS, MD, PhD3
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of topical application of simvastatin gel (7.5 mg) on the
removal torque of titanium implants in the rabbit tibia. A total of 32 surgeries were performed on 16 New
Zealand rabbits for the placement of 2 implants in 1 tibia of each rabbit. Only 1 of the surgical defects was
injected with 30 mg/mL of simvastatin gel before implant placement. The initial torque was set at 20 N.cm, and
removal torque testing was performed 28 and 56 days postoperatively with a Tonishi torque wrench. Surgical
defects were divided into 4 groups: group IG-28 (test, 28 days), group IG-56 (test, 56 days), group I-28 (control,
28 days), and group I-56 (control, 56 days). Removal torque values were higher in group IG-56 than in groups IG28, I-28, and I-56 (P , .05). Groups IG-28, I-28, and I-56 showed similar values (P . .05). Removal torque force
increased under the influence of simvastatin, indicating that topical administration of a 7.5-mg dose of
simvastatin gel is effective in improving the torque force required to remove implants inserted in the rabbit
tibia.
Key Words: statin, removal torque, dental implants
INTRODUCTION
A
dvances in research on the treatment
of hyperlipidemia in the mid-1980s
culminated in the development of a
revolutionary class of drugs: the statins
or vastatins. These lipid-lowering
drugs can reduce low-density lipoprotein levels by
29%, reaching a 60% reduction in cholesterol levels
in some cases.1-3 All statins share the ability to
inhibit endogenous cholesterol synthesis by competitively inhibiting 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, thus preventing
the conversion of HMG-CoA reductase to mevalonate. On the other hand, statins can increase bone
mineral density, reducing the risk of osteoporosis
and fracture.4-6
1
˜
Paulista University (UNIP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
˜
Santo Amaro University (UNISA), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
˜
Guarulhos University, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
* Corresponding author, e-mail: fatimafaraco@terra.com.br
DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-11-00128
2
3
Topical statins alone and/or associated with a
vehicle that slows their intestinal absorption and
hepatic metabolism, such as gel, stimulate bone
formation by acting on the mRNA synthesis of bone
morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), which promotes
osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Since
this mechanism precedes the increase in BMP-2
mRNA expression, statins may also promote angiogenesis.4-6
Bone morphogenetic protein-2, a member of the
transforming growth factor-beta family, may have
direct effects on adjacent cells (paracrine effect)
and/or act on osteoblasts (autocrine effect), thus
aiding bone regeneration over a long period of
time. This protein may progress into a component
of bone remodeling over a long time, thus
enhancing the pattern of bone mineral density.7
Statins have also been demonstrated to induce
osteoclast apoptosis and to inhibit bone resorption
in vitro; after in vivo treatment, they promote a
decrease in osteoclast numbers.8,9 It is therefore
Journal of Oral Implantology
53
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology February 2014
Evolution of Bone Grafting for Improved Predictability
Electrochemical Behavior of Titanium in Artificial Saliva: Influence of pH
Efficacy of Antibacterial Sealing Gel and O-Ring to Prevent Microleakage at the Implant
Wired/Classic and Wireless/Periotest ‘‘M’’ Instruments: An In Vitro Assessment of
Altered Position of the Medial Lingual Nutritional Foramina at Different Stages of Alveolar
Genotoxicity of Endosseous Implants Using Two Cellular Lineages In Vitro
Implants With Internal Hexagon and Conical Implant-Abutment Connections: An In Vitro
Stress Distribution Around Maxillary Anterior Implants as a Factor of Labial Bone Thickness
Peri-Implant Biomechanical Responses to Standard, Short-Wide, and Mini Implants
Removal Torque Analysis of Implants in Rabbit Tibia After Topical Application of
Nonprocessed Adipose Tissue Graft in the Treatment of Peri-Implant Osseous Defects in
Assessment of the Effect of Two Occlusal Concepts for Implant-Supported Fixed
Nerve Damage Assessment Following Implant Placement in Human Cadaver Jaws:
Dental Implants: Early Versus Standard Two-Stage Loading (Animal Study)
Intravenous Sedation for Implant Surgery: Midazolam, Butorphanol, and
Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite-Based Material Already Contributes to Implant Stability
Two Neglected Biologic Risk Factors in Bone Grafting and Implantology: High Low-Density
Journal of Oral Implantology February 2014
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