Journal of Oral Implantology June 2014 - (Page 251)

RESEARCH Topical Simvastatin Improves the Pro-Angiogenic and Pro-Osteogenic Properties of Bioglass Putty in the Rat Calvaria Critical-Size Model Irit Allon, DMD1* Yakir Anavi, DMD2 Dror M. Allon, DMD2 Objective was to describe the effect of bioactive glass putty with and without topical simvastatin on new bone formation in critical-sized defects of rat calvaria. A calvarial bone defect was created in 20 male Wistar rats and filled with bioactive glass alone (n ¼ 10) or combined with simvastatin (n ¼ 10). After 4 weeks, the defects were histomorphometrically evaluated for volume fraction (Vv) of woven bone, vessel density, bioglass quantity, and inflammation. Compared to the bioglass-only group, rats treated with simvastatin had greater Vv of blood vessels (3.3% 6 0.7 vs 1.6% 6 0.1, P ¼ .0002) and new bone (2.3% 6 0.2 vs 1.8% 6 2.5, P ¼ .003). The Vv of the bioglass remnants in the bioglass-only group was higher than in the group treated with simvastatin (2.4% 6 0.08 vs 1.7% 6 0.3, P , .0004). Chronic inflammation was noted in 1 rat from each group. Topical simvastatin seems to improve the pro-angiogenic and pro-osteogenic properties of bioglass putty in rat calvaria critical-size defects without significant inflammation. Key Words: bioglass putty, simvastatin, angiogenic, osteogenic inflammation, rat calvaria INTRODUCTION W ith the expanding application of dental implants to rehabilitate edentulous and partially edentulous patients, the need for efficient biomaterials for bone augmentation is increasing. Autogenous bone is regarded as the graft of choice as it is osteoconductive and contains autologous inductive factors. However, its use is often complicated by limited stock and donor-site morbidity. Allograft bone may supply an alternative, but it also has limitations, such as partial loss of osteoinduction due to the harvesting procedure, and risk of disease transfer. 1 Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 2 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. * Corresponding author, e-mail: allonirit1@gmail.com DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-11-00222 Consequently, various synthetic bone graft alloplasts have been developed. Among these are the family of calcium phosphate ceramics1 and glasses.2 Chemically similar to bone mineral, these materials provide an appropriate framework on which direct bone apposition and bonding may occur.3,4 Bioactive glass (bioglass), a calcium phophosilicate, has been reported to release ions into the physiologic environment,5,6 activate osteoblast gene expression,7,8 and enhance osteoblast proliferation.9-15 Studies found bioglass to be well absorbed and to enhance new bone growth.16,17 Compared to other alloplasts, bioglass leads to rapid new bone formation all through the grafted site, already 2 weeks after grafting.18 Originally available in particulate form, bioglass has recently been further improved to a putty, that can be applied alone or in combination with autograft bone, reducing the need for extensive bone harvesting. These characteristics make bioglass a candidate material for the surgical reconJournal of Oral Implantology 251

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology June 2014

Controlled Early Inflammation and Bone Healing—Potential New Treatments
Zygomatic Implants: The Impact of Zygoma Bone Support on Biomechanics
A Comparative Study on Microgap of Premade Abutments and Abutments Cast in Base Metal Alloys
Topical Simvastatin Improves the Pro-Angiogenic and Pro-Osteogenic Properties of Bioglass Putty in the Rat Calvaria Critical-Size Model
Assessment of the Correlation Between Insertion Torque and Resonance Frequency Analysis of Implants Placed in Bone Tissue of Different Densities
Benefits of Rehabilitation With Implants in Masticatory Function: Is Patient Perception of Change in Accordance With the Real Improvement?
A Method for Fabrication of Implant-Supported Fixed Partial Dentures
Safe Sinus Lift: Use of Acrylic Stone Trimmer to Avoid Sinus Lining Perforation
The Effects of Sinus Membrane Pathology on Bone Augmentation and Procedural Outcome Using Minimal Invasive Antral Membrane Balloon Elevation
Cellular Responses to Metal Ions Released From Implants
A Two-Stage Surgical Approach to the Treatment of Severe Peri-Implant Defect: A 30-Month Clinical Follow-Up Report
Eight-Year Follow-Up of a Fixed-Detachable Maxillary Prosthesis Utilizing an Attachment System: Clinical Protocol for Individuals With Skeletal Class III Malocclusions
Active Implant Peri-Apical Lesion: A Case Report Treated Via Guided Bone Regeneration With a 5-year Clinical and Radiographic Follow-up
Flapless Implant Placement: A Case Report
Active Implant Periapical Lesions Leading to Implant Failure: Two Case Reports
A Review of Platelet Derived Growth Factor Playing Pivotal Role in Bone Regeneration
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
REVIEW OF CURRENT LITERATURE

Journal of Oral Implantology June 2014