Journal of Oral Implantology August 2014 - (Page 500)

LITERATURE REVIEW Platelet-Rich Preparations to Improve Healing. Part I: Workable Options for Every Size Practice Vicki L. Davis, PhD1* Alaeddin B. Abukabda, MS2 Nicholas M. Radio, PhD3 Paula A. Witt-Enderby, PhD4 William P. Clafshenkel, PhD4 J. Vito Cairone, BS2 James L. Rutkowski, DMD, PhD3,5 Numerous studies have demonstrated that platelet-rich preparations applied to surgical sites, injuries, or wounds are a safe and effective way to promote soft tissue healing and bone growth. Various protocols have been developed for preparing platelet-rich preparations, with subtle but important differences between them. Unfortunately, only a minority of clinicians use platelet-rich preparations, such as platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin, in their practice, possibly due to confusion about the different methods and their advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the different types of preparations are described to help guide the selection of the best method for any size practice. Classic methods generally require large volumes of blood and can be expensive, complicated, and time-intensive. Simpler protocols have been developed recently, which require relatively inexpensive equipment and small blood volumes and, thus, may be more applicable for small clinical practices. Platelet-rich preparations accelerate healing at earlier time points to reduce discomfort and the potential for adverse outcomes, including infection, poor wound closure, and delays in forming strong bone for subsequent procedures (such as implants). However, platelet-rich preparations may also improve long-term outcomes in patients expected to have impaired healing, such as with lifestyle choices (eg, smoking), medications (eg, steroids), diseases (eg, diabetes, osteoporosis, atherosclerosis), and aging, by supplementing the deficient wound environment to restore proper healing. Therefore, both large and small clinical practices would benefit from utilizing platelet-rich preparations to enhance healing in their patients. Key Words: bone, growth factors, leukocytes, platelet activation, platelet-rich plasma, wound healing INTRODUCTION P latelet-rich preparations are a safe, reliable, and cost-effective means to accelerate healing and to improve the probability of efficient repair following surgery or injury. Platelet-rich plasma 1 Center for Applied Research & Intellectual Property Development, Clarion University, Clarion, Pa. 2 Biology Department, Clarion University, Clarion, Pa. 3 Clarion Research Group, Clarion, Pa. 4 Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pa. 5 Private practice, Clarion, Pa. * Corresponding author, e-mail: dr.vicki.davis@gmail.com DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-12-00104 500 Vol. XL /No. Four / 2014 (PRP) is a preparation of plasma that contains an increased concentration of platelets compared to whole blood. An essential criterion for PRP is for it to be autologous: for the donor of the blood and the recipient of the PRP to be the same person. The use of PRP to facilitate both soft and hard tissue healing following surgical procedures is often used in clinical dentistry,1-8 because it is reported to accelerate bone formation and induce healing in nonhealing wounds.8-14 Many medical and dental studies support the use of autologous PRP in clinical practice,15-24 including for soft tissue injuries; chronic diabetic ulcers; injuries to muscles, tendons, or ligaments;

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology August 2014

Helping, Rather Than Criticizing, a Colleague May Lead to a Lifetime of Referrals
Utilization of Ethyl Cyanoacrylate and 2-Octyl Cyanoacrylate Adhesives for Autogenous Bone Graft Fixation: Histomorphometric Study in Rats
Conventional Versus Implant-Retained Overlay Dentures: A Pilot Study of Masseter and Anterior Temporalis Electromyography
Axial Relationship Between Dental Implants and Teeth/Implants: A Radiographic Study
The Effect of Dynamic Loading on Bacterial Colonization of the Dental Implant Fixture–Abutment Interface: An In Vitro Study
Longitudinal Implant Stability Measurements Based on Resonance Frequency Analysis After Placement in Healed or Regenerated Bone
A Clinical Report on the Use of Closed-Tray, Hex-Lock-Friction-Fit Implant Impression Copings
Immediate Restoration of NobelActive Implants Placed Into Fresh Extraction Sites in the Anterior Maxilla
Clinical Study of Flap Design to Increase the Keratinized Gingiva Around Implants: 4-Year Follow-Up
Use of Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft as a Biological Barrier: A Human Clinical and Histologic Case Report
Calvarial Autogenous Bone Graft for Maxillary Ridge and Sinus Reconstruction for Rehabilitation With Dental Implants
Staged Ridge Splitting Technique for Horizontal Expansion in Mandible: A Case Report
An Overview of Zirconia Dental Implants: Basic Properties and Clinical Application of Three Cases
Dental Gypsum Verification Jig to Verify Implant Positions: A Clinical Report
Platelet-Rich Preparations to Improve Healing. Part I: Workable Options for Every Size Practice
Platelet-Rich Preparations to Improve Healing. Part II: Platelet Activation and Enrichment, Leukocyte Inclusion, and Other Selection Criteria

Journal of Oral Implantology August 2014