Journal of Oral Implantology July 2014 - (Page 347)

RESEARCH Enhanced Osteoblast Proliferation and Corrosion Resistance of Commercially Pure Titanium Through Surface Nanostructuring by Ultrasonic Shot Peening and Stress Relieving Shitu Jindal, MDS1 Rajesh Bansal, MDS1 Bijay P. Singh, MDS1 Rajiv Pandey, MSc, PhD2 Shankar Narayanan T. S. N. MSc, PhD.3 Mohan R. Wani, MVSc, PhD4 Vakil Singh, BSc (Met Eng), PhD5* This investigation was carried out to study the effect of a novel process of surface modification, surface nanostructuring by ultrasonic shot peening, on osteoblast proliferation and corrosion behavior of commercially pure titanium (c p-Ti) in simulated body fluid. A mechanically polished disc of c p-Ti was subjected to ultrasonic shot peening with stainless steel balls to create nanostructure at the surface. A nanostructure (,20 nm) with inhomogeneous distribution was revealed by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. There was an increase of approximately 10% in cell proliferation, but there was drastic fall in corrosion resistance. Corrosion rate was increased by 327% in the shot peened condition. In order to examine the role of residual stresses associated with the shot peened surface on these aspects, a part of the shot peened specimen was annealed at 4008C for 1 hour. A marked influence of annealing treatment was observed on surface structure, cell proliferation, and corrosion resistance. Surface nanostructure was much more prominent, with increased number density and sharper grain boundaries; cell proliferation was enhanced to approximately 50% and corrosion rate was reduced by 86.2% and 41% as compared with that of the shot peened and the as received conditions, respectively. The highly significant improvement in cell proliferation, resulting from annealing of the shot peened specimen, was attributed to increased volume fraction of stabilized nanostructure, stress recovery, and crystallization of the oxide film. Increase in corrosion resistance from annealing of shot peened material was related to more effective passivation. Thus, the surface of c p-Ti, modified by this novel process, possessed a unique quality of enhancing cell proliferation as well as the corrosion resistance and could be highly effective in reducing treatment time of patients adopting dental and orthopedic implants of titanium and its alloys. Key Words: osteoblast proliferation, surface nanostructure, c p-Ti, ultrasonic shot peening, corrosion 1 Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. 3 Department of Dental Biomaterials, Institute of Oral Biosciences and Brain Korea 21 Project, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea. 4 National Center for Cell Science, Pune University Campus, Pune, India. 5 Center for Advanced Study, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India. * Corresponding author, e-mail: vsingh.met@itbhu.ac.in DOI: 10.1563/AAID-JOI-D-12-00006 2 Journal of Oral Implantology 347

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Journal of Oral Implantology July 2014

Upcoming Enhancements to the Publishing Process
Enhanced Osteoblast Proliferation and Corrosion Resistance of Commercially Pure Titanium Through Surface Nanostructuring by Ultrasonic Shot Peening and Stress Relieving
An Interocclusal Recording Method for the Fabrication of Full-Arch Implant-Retained Restorations
Classification of the Alveolar Ridge Width: Implant-Driven Treatment Considerations for the Horizontally Deficient Alveolar Ridges
Repair of a Multiple Implant-Supported Fixed Superstructure With a Metal-Ceramic Resin- Bonded Fixed Partial Denture: A Clinical Report
Postoperative Perforation of the Schneiderian Membrane in Maxillary Sinus Augmentation: A Case Report
The ‘‘Washing Line’’ Suture Technique for Securing the Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft
Trephine Core: An Alternative Sinus Lift Technique
Second Harvest of Mandibular Ramus Blocks in Bone Augmentation Procedures: A Case Letter
Piezosurgery Applied to Implant Dentistry: Clinical and Biological Aspects

Journal of Oral Implantology July 2014