2016 Glossary - 45

of accessing the underlying bone or correcting an
anomaly.
* mucogingival therapy: Procedures intended to
correct defects in morphology.
mucogingival deformity n: see under mucogingival.
mucogingival junction n: see under mucogingival.
mucogingival surgery n: see under mucogingival.
mucogingival therapy n: see under mucogingival.
mucolabial fold n: the line, bend, crease, or area of
change as the oral mucous membrane passes from
its role as the mucosal tissue of the mandible or maxilla to form the lip.
mucoperiosteum n: oral mucosa that contains fibrous
lamina propria, contains no submucosa, and is attached to the underlying periosteum covering the
bone. Attached gingiva is an example of mucoperiosteum; it is a term synonymous with "full-thickness
flap" indicating the inclusion of periosteum and surface mucous tissue during the flap elevation.
mucosa n: mucous membrane that forms the soft tissue barrier to the environment, particularly in the
oral cavity. It is loosely attached to the periosteum;
is movable; and consists of epithelium, basement
membrane, and lamina propria.
mucosal implant n: See mucosal insert.
mucosal insert n: a mushroom-shaped alloplastic device, used mainly during the 1970s and 1980s, that
was embedded in the intaglio surface of a removable maxillary tissue-borne prosthesis that engages
surgically prepared undercuts into the palatal mucosal tissue upon which it rests.
mucositis n: a painful inflammatory response of the
oral mucous membrane. May be caused by local irritants, including prostheses, or may be systemically
induced.
mucostatic adj: (1) refers to oral mucosa at a state of
rest, without displacement; (2) prohibiting the flow
of mucus.
mucus n: (1) along with serous fluid, one of the 2 main
components of saliva; (2) a viscous fluid, consisting of
the secretions of mucous glands, along with cells and
inorganic components.

Munsell chroma n: one of the three main components
of the Munsell Color Order System. It indicates the
purity or saturation of any particular color, from vivid
to washed out.
Munsell Color Order System n: a color classification
system that uses numeric nomenclature to characterize any color using hue, value, and chroma. This is
the basis for most shade matching systems in dentistry.
Munsell hue n: one of the three main components of
the Munsell Color Order System. It is divided into 5
principal color families: red, yellow, green, blue, and
purple.
Munsell value n: one of the three main components of
the Munsell Color Order System. It indicates the relative lightness or darkness of a particular color, from
white to neutral gray to black.
muscle contracture n: a pathologic condition in which
there is permanent shortening and loss of strength
and flexibility in a muscle.
muscle fiber n: see under fiber.
muscle hyperalgesia n: increased awareness of pain
in a muscle out of proportion to physical findings.
muscle hypertonicity n: hyperactivity of a muscle related to increased involuntary contractions.
muscle relaxant n: a medication used for treating
muscle tension or spasm.
muscle spasm n: an abrupt involuntary contraction of
a muscle that is associated with pain and can occur
even when the muscle is at rest.
muscle spasticity n: a clinical situation when opposing
muscles have increased contractibility and tension
impeding movements of the agonistic muscles.
muscle-splinting n: slang for a muscle contraction
initiated to avoid the pain associated by passively
stretching the muscle.
muscular splinting n: muscular contraction at a nonrest state that impairs function. It is associated with
involuntary movements.
musculoskeletal pain n: pain that is derived from a
muscle and/or skeleton that may also involve the
muscular tendons and joints.
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