Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 21
SAFETY STRATEGIES
and measurable. While they begin with top
management, these objectives must cascade
down through the organization to the shop
floor. Performance evaluations, in turn,
should include a review of safety-performance
objectives. Individual accountability is imperative if risks are to be mitigated and injuries are to
be avoided.
While management and supervisory personnel
should be rewarded for positive safety performance, there also must be consequences for failing
to deliver safe performance. That means every
level of management must be held accountable-
without exception.
Individual workers must be held accountable.
Positive behaviors should be reinforced through
recognition and reward. Conversely, unsafe
behaviors must have consequences, including
termination, if warranted. Ultimately, everyone
at a site must be held accountable if injury-free
performance is to be achieved.
Policies and procedures are crucial. Policies
are strategic and set expectations. Procedures are
tactical and specify actions. Procedures should be
written and verified by people with "real world"
experience. Garner input from workers who will
be subject to the respective procedure.
Policies and procedures must be audited to
ensure they are being followed. Policies must
clearly state their objective, e.g., isolation of energy
sources in a lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedure. A
policy or procedure should be evaluated based on
how well it meets its stated objective. Root-cause
analysis (RCA) can aid in this process. In addition:
■ Use flowcharts to graphically illustrate procedural process flows or decision trees.
■ Clearly define roles and responsibilities-
include safety requirements in job descriptions.
■ Use RACI (responsible, accountable, consulted,
informed) charts, where appropriate, to facilitate understanding of roles and responsibilities.
Reporting must be consistent. Ensure
prompt reporting of incidents and injuries with
consequences for failure to report or to report in a
timely manner.
Implement an injury-management process
to help avoid the mischaracterization of
injuries by medical professionals. Given the
fact that personnel in off-site doctors offices,
medical-clinics, and hospital emergency rooms
aren't always familiar with OSHA regulations and
reporting, a less-severe injury could be inappropriately classified as more severe. This isn't to suggest
injured workers should not receive expert medical
care: They definitely should! The difference
between recommending a prescription medication
SEPTEMBER 2016
Tips for Structured, Predefined
Safety-Training Programs
The importance of plant and facility safety training can't be overstated. It's
mandatory. Best practices call for safety training to start with site- and unitspecific safety orientations for new hires, as well as contractors. Such orientations
set clear expectations on day one for those involved in regular site operations,
capital projects, and turnarounds. New-employee orientation should include
leadership participation to reinforce the importance of injury-free operations.
When it comes to the specifics of ongoing maintenance safety training, be
sure to:
■ Train workers on risk recognition and analysis, i.e., show them how
to interpret safety performance and understand its relative importance.
Furthermore, provide them with training on the processes in which they
work so they have a fundamental understanding of what's going on inside
the equipment and any hazards associated with it. Note that process
training of maintenance workers is now a part of OSHA 1910.119 Process
Safety Management.
■ Capture and communicate safety performance so all personnel are aware.
■ Make housekeeping everybody's responsibility. This saves the time and
expense of having laborers clean up after others-the image of which
simply reinforces the misconception that safety isn't everybody's responsibility. Develop exceptional discipline relative to housekeeping, including
the use of regular inspections.
■ Identify resident crane and rigging subject-matter experts (SMEs) who can
review and approve all critical lifts.
■ Confirm the safety performance of crane companies and operators/
contractors (see contractor safety sidebar). Don't accept safety programs
as a substitute for demonstrated safety performance. Establish criteria, i.e.,
certifications, for all internal and external crane operators.
■ Develop, implement, update, and store lifting plans for easy future
reference.
■ Make safety meetings mandatory, structured, and interactive. Such meetings are a critical component in driving safety performance.
■ Provide detailed training on all life-critical subjects, i.e., LOTO, confined
space entry, focusing on areas of greatest risk.
■ Include relevant off-the-job hazards as part of safety training, including
areas such hunting, boating, chainsaw operation, weather emergencies,
and defensive driving.
■ Avoid stale and ineffective training programs and recognize that computerbased training programs have limitations.
■ Invite internal and/or external SMEs and other plant personnel to conduct
training.
■ Use innovation and interaction to keep interest high, i.e., consider roleplaying techniques and leverage personal testimony, which can be very
compelling.
■ Conduct regular toolbox safety talks to engage workers and employ visual
aids to enhance and sustain awareness.
■ Conduct interdepartmental safety training, e.g., LOTO with operations and
maintenance, where responsibilities are shared.
■ Recognize the seasonality of some training, i.e., hot/cold weather hazards.
■ Use giveaways to emphasize themes, such as safety glasses to promote
eye protection.
Finally, make it a point to constantly garner feedback from safety-training
participants and measure (anonymously) their comprehension. That's one of the
best ways to ensure the effectiveness of these training efforts.
MAINTENANCETECHNOLOGY.COM | 21
http://www.MAINTENANCETECHNOLOGY.COM
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Maintenance Technology September 2016
Editorial
Uptime
On The Floor
Old-School Approach To New-World Technology
Art Meets Reliability Science
Commit To Safety
Robot-Human Interaction Getting Safer
Sanitary, Stainless Conveyors Not The Same
Reduce Hidden Process-Safety Costs
Pace Your Reliability Program
Win The War With 'Lubrication By Design'
SAP Tips And Tricks
Understand Pump Vibration
Select The Right Relay
Bearing Care
Clear Up HOA Confusion
Potato Waste Becomes Clean Water, Energy
Products
Showcase
Ad Index
Final Thought
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 1
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Cover1
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Cover2
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 1
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 2
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 3
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Editorial
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 5
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Uptime
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 7
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - On The Floor
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 9
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Old-School Approach To New-World Technology
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 11
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 12
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 13
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 14
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 15
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Art Meets Reliability Science
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 17
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 18
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 19
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Commit To Safety
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 21
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 22
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 23
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Robot-Human Interaction Getting Safer
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 25
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Sanitary, Stainless Conveyors Not The Same
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 27
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 28
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Reduce Hidden Process-Safety Costs
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 30
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Pace Your Reliability Program
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 32
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 33
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 34
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 35
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Win The War With 'Lubrication By Design'
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 37
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 38
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - SAP Tips And Tricks
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Understand Pump Vibration
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Select The Right Relay
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Bearing Care
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 43
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Clear Up HOA Confusion
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Potato Waste Becomes Clean Water, Energy
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 46
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 47
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 48
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 49
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 50
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 51
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 52
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Showcase
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Ad Index
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 55
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Final Thought
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Cover3
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Cover4
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Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 64
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