Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 25

SAFETY STRATEGIES relationship between different levels of force and pain thresholds on various parts of the human body. Studies are being conducted to explore and implement the power- and force-limiting method. For example, standard ISO/ TS 15066 outlines findings from one study on pain tolerance, which includes a list of maximum force and pressure levels for each part of the human body to help determine power and force limits. The standard provides some guidance on how to conduct a risk assessment for each part of the human body that could come into contact with a robot. While most of these methods are intended to prevent humans from coming into physical contact with robots and machinery, Schuster reminds end users that it's still crucial to follow the functional safety lifecycle when designing collaborative robotic applications. "The lifecycle, as defined by ISO 12100 and ANSI B11:0," he said, "includes conducting a risk assessment SEPTEMBER 2016 as the first step, followed by defining functional specifications, using proper guarding, and completing verification and validation testing. Following the safety lifecycle is increasingly important as humans and machines work more closely together." Assessing risk A proper risk assessment evaluates the way humans, machinery, and robots interact with each other during all modes of operation. "This type of assessment," Schuster explained, "helps identify all of the ways a human could potentially come into contact with a robot, evaluate the associated level of risk, and mitigate that risk using appropriate measures." ISO/TS 15066 provides guidance for the design of collaborative workspaces and how to conduct a risk assessment for collaborative-robot applications. It supplements ISO 10218-1 and ISO 10218-2. In addition, RIA TR R15.306 provides a recommended methodology for conducting task-based risk assess- ments to meet the standard. Collaborative robotics usefulness spans different sectors and applications, from taking over repetitive and heavy-lift tasks, to handling complex assemblies. However, getting there will involve adopting new standards, tools, and risk-analysis methods. "Organizations that embrace these changes," Schuster concluded, "will be better positioned to realize the many efficiency and productivity gains afforded by collaborative robots while optimizing worker safety and compliance." MT George Schuster is the TÜV functional safety expert (FSExp), business development manager at Rockwell Automation, Milwaukee. Experts from the company will speak about collaborative robotics and related technology at the Safety Leadership Conference, Sept. 19 to 21, 2016, in Pittsburgh. Learn more about these sessions and the Smart Manufacturing track, sponsored by Rockwell Automation at safetyleadershipconference.com. MAINTENANCETECHNOLOGY.COM | 25 http://www.safetyleadershipconference.com http://www.pdma.com/ http://www.MAINTENANCETECHNOLOGY.COM

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Maintenance Technology September 2016

Editorial
Uptime
On The Floor
Old-School Approach To New-World Technology
Art Meets Reliability Science
Commit To Safety
Robot-Human Interaction Getting Safer
Sanitary, Stainless Conveyors Not The Same
Reduce Hidden Process-Safety Costs
Pace Your Reliability Program
Win The War With 'Lubrication By Design'
SAP Tips And Tricks
Understand Pump Vibration
Select The Right Relay
Bearing Care
Clear Up HOA Confusion
Potato Waste Becomes Clean Water, Energy
Products
Showcase
Ad Index
Final Thought
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 1
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Cover1
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Cover2
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 1
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 2
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 3
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Editorial
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 5
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Uptime
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 7
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - On The Floor
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 9
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Old-School Approach To New-World Technology
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 11
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 12
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 13
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 14
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 15
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Art Meets Reliability Science
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 17
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 18
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 19
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Commit To Safety
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 21
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 22
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 23
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Robot-Human Interaction Getting Safer
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 25
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Sanitary, Stainless Conveyors Not The Same
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 27
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 28
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Reduce Hidden Process-Safety Costs
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 30
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Pace Your Reliability Program
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 32
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 33
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 34
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 35
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Win The War With 'Lubrication By Design'
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 37
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 38
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - SAP Tips And Tricks
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Understand Pump Vibration
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Select The Right Relay
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Bearing Care
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 43
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Clear Up HOA Confusion
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Potato Waste Becomes Clean Water, Energy
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 46
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 47
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 48
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 49
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 50
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Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 52
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Showcase
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Ad Index
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - 55
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Final Thought
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Cover3
Maintenance Technology September 2016 - Cover4
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