The Catalyst Review December 2020 - 16
EXPERIMENTAL
SPECIAL
FEATURE
The electrode preparation process by immobilizing Co@CB[5] on the
surface of metal oxide substrates.
Figure 1. (a) LSV curves of Co@CB[5]/BiVO4, Co/BiVO4, BiVO4, and BiVO4 with the
hole scavenger Na2SO3 in 1 M borate buffer (scan rate, 10 mV s-1). (b) ABPEs
of Co@CB[5]/BiVO4 and BiVO4 calculated from LSV curves. (c) IPCEs of Co@
CB[5]/BiVO4 at 1.23 V and 0.6 V vs. RHE, and BiVO4 at 1.23V vs. RHE. (d) Light
response of Co@CB[5]/BiVO4 and BiVO4 photoanodes under chopped irradiation
at a constant bias of 0.6 V vs. RHE.
the photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxygen evolution activity.
Characterization techniques, including time-of-flight secondary
ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,
atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy, and
corresponding EDS elemental mapping, were applied to confirm
the immobilization of Co@CB[5] complex on the surface of metal
oxides.
The fabricated electrode Co@CB[5]/ITO exhibited a TOF of 9.9 s−1 at an overpotential of 550 mV in a pH 9.2 borate buffer with good
stability. When Co@CB[5] was immobilized on the surface of the porous BiVO4 n-type semiconductor, the integrated photoanode
Co@CB[5]/BiVO4 showed an excellent PEC performance with a high photocurrent density of 4.8 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V (vs. a reversible
hydrogen electrode) under 100 mW cm−2 (AM 1.5) light illumination (Figure1). Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and intensity-modulated
photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) results confirmed that Co@CB[5] serves as a supramolecular water oxidation catalyst, which can
effectively accelerate surface charge transfer. Furthermore, the surface charge recombination of BiVO4 can also be suppressed by
this host-guest supramolecular complex. The host-guest complex Co@CB[5] exhibited a remarkable performance for electrochemical
and PEC water oxidation, leading to the development of supramolecular complexes as catalysts for efficient water oxidation, but also
other catalytic reactions. Source: Sun L, Li F, Yang H, et al. (2020). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10.1002/anie.202011069.
The Use of Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Chemical Valorization of Plastic Waste...
The high demand for plastics has driven the production of low-cost polymers resulting in a drastic increase in waste generation.
However, unlike municipal solid waste (MSW), plastics are not biodegradable, leading to recycling strategies (crushing /melting and
incineration), which have proven to be inefficient, energy-intensive, and polluting. Herein, the authors present a comprehensive
review of the various catalysts that have been investigated for the chemical recycling of plastic solid waste (PSW) conversion
and attempt to draw a connection between the impact of the textural properties of the catalyst and its performance for plastic
conversion.
Beginning with an assessment of the various classes and properties of polymers
common to PSWs (PET, HDPE, PVC, PP, PS., etc.), this work moves on to a
discussion of chemical recycling which can be approached in one of three ways:
depolymerization, partial oxidation, and thermal or catalytic cracking. Although
this review focuses on catalytic cracking, recent lifecycle analysis studies on
different chemical recycling methods have identified that a combination of
methods will likely be needed to implement a circular plastics economy (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Principles of the circular economy for plastics.
Various types of heterogeneous catalyst commonly used for PSW conversion
(Table 1) are then reviewed with a focus on the effect each catalyst has on
product outcome. Nearly all PSW catalytic cracking studies indicate that improved
activity requires a reduced energy input (i.e., lower operating temperature),
resulting in an enhanced yield of lighter hydrocarbons. The liquids products
obtained from catalytic PSW conversion are within the carbon number range and
octane rating of various transportation fuels. On the other hand, the gaseous
products can serve as an alternative source of high impact chemicals such as
hydrogen, ethylene, propylene, and butene.
16
The Catalyst Review
December 2020
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/anie.202011069
The Catalyst Review December 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of The Catalyst Review December 2020
The Catalyst Review December 2020 - cover
The Catalyst Review December 2020 - contents
The Catalyst Review December 2020 - 1
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