The Crush - January 2021 - 1

theCrush
Volume 48 Issue 1 January 2021

FEATURE STORY

Grapevine Trunk Disease Management

RESEARCH AND TRIALS EVALUATE NEW BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL TOOLS
By Ted Rieger
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), also called canker diseases, are
a problem in vineyards worldwide. More than 60 fungal species
are known to cause GTDs. Multiple fungal pathogens commonly
exist in infected vines and they can be difficult to identify and
control. Biological and chemical fungicides and sealants are
available, and more are being developed, to apply as pruning
wound protectants after dormant pruning. In addition, research
in California vineyards is underway to identify and test beneficial
microorganisms that provide natural defense mechanisms in
grapevines to prevent and inhibit GTD occurrence.
DISEASE OVERVIEW
The more common GTDs and their associated fungal species
found in California vineyards are:
*	 Eutypa dieback (Eutypa lata and other Diatrypaceae species).
*	 Esca (a complex of fungi also known as black measles)
and Petri disease or young vine decline (Phaeomoniella
chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum).
*	 Botryosphaeria dieback or " bot canker " (Neofusicoccum
parvum and other Botryosphaeriaceae family species).
*	 Phomopsis dieback and Phomopsis cane and leaf spot
(Phomopsis viticola).
Most GTD fungal pathogens produce overwintering fruiting
structures on infected woody tissue. When conditions are
favorable, the fruiting bodies release fungal spores into the
environment that can start vine infection through contact on
pruning wounds.
A challenge with GTD management is that infection
can occur in young vineyards - as early
as pruning begins - but these diseases
can take several years to develop before
causing visible symptoms and damage.
Once symptoms occur, it is often too late to

Wedge-shaped cankers in vine cross sections.

save vines without performing significant " surgery " to remove
diseased wood. Symptoms include poor vigor, distorted leaves
and shoots, shoot and tendril dieback and berry specks. Wedgeshaped cankers in vine cross sections lead to spur, cordon and
trunk dieback and eventual vine death.
Early adoption of practices to prevent GTD infection and spread
provides cost effective benefits over the life of the vineyard. An
online trunk disease diagnostics app, an interactive economic
management tool to input data to make economic management
decisions, and other information on GTD management are
available on the SCRI Trunk Disease Project Page.
PREVENTATIVE PRACTICES AND MANAGEMENT
Dr. Akif Eskalen, UC Cooperative Extension plant pathologist
in the UC Davis Department of Plant Pathology, discussed
recommended GTD management practices during a recent
educational webinar presented by the Lodi Winegrape
Commission. He advised using the cleanest plant material
available when planting new vineyards and minimizing stress
on young vines after planting. Pruning cuts should be clean and
smooth to speed-up callusing at the pruning wound. Pruning


http://www.treeandvinetrunkdiseases.org/trunk-disease-diagnostics-app http://www.treeandvinetrunkdiseases.org

The Crush - January 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of The Crush - January 2021

The Crush - January 2021 - 1
The Crush - January 2021 - 2
The Crush - January 2021 - 3
The Crush - January 2021 - 4
The Crush - January 2021 - 5
The Crush - January 2021 - 6
The Crush - January 2021 - 7
The Crush - January 2021 - 8
The Crush - January 2021 - 9
The Crush - January 2021 - 10
The Crush - January 2021 - 11
The Crush - January 2021 - 12
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-jan-feb-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-december-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-november-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-october
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-august
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-july
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-june-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-march-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-february-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-december-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-november-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-october-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-september-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-august-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-july-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-may-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-april2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-april-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-march2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-january-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-december-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-november-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-october-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-september-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-june-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-may-2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-march2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/the-crush-february2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/Jan2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/January2021
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/December2020
https://www.nxtbook.com/cawg/cawg/newsletter_2011
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2010
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2009
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2008
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2007
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2006
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2005
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2004
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2003
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2002
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_2001
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1912
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1911
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1910
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1909
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1908
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1907
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1906
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1905
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1904
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1903
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1902
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1901
https://www.nxtbook.com/nxtbooks/cawg/newsletter_1812
https://www.nxtbookmedia.com