DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - 90

distances of 1 to 20 ft (0.3 to 6.1 m) from
the face of the shoring walls, creating a
concern that the installation of the caissons
could cause disturbances within the sand
layer that could result in excessive
movement of the shoring and in the
overloading at higher bracing levels. At the
heritage structure, the structural caissons
were located as close as 10 ft (3.0 m) from
the supporting king piles. Vibration
transmission through the king piles into
the sensitive structure above was a concern
as well as limiting the vibration transmission through the shoring into adjacent
structures to less than the vibration limit of
0.2 in/sec (5 mm/sec) mandated by the City
of Toronto.

Real-Time Risk Management

Driving 10 ft (3.0 m) diameter casing at subgrade using APE 400 vibrator

1.5 m) to be installed from grade prior to
excavation using a BG40 and BG55 with
temporary segmental casing. The smaller
diameter caissons located in the center of
the site to advance the installation of the
tower crane footing - which was used to
place drilling equipment into the base of
the excavation for the installation of the
caissons - were also installed from grade.
Due to low headroom beneath the
heritage building and support structure, a
modified BG24 low headroom rig was used
to install both the lower secant pile cutoff
90 * DEEP FOUNDATIONS * JAN/FEB 2020

wall and the structural caissons. The large
diameter caissons were installed using an
APE 400 vibrator to drive the casing to rock
before drilling the soil inside the casing
using a BG55 rotary drill.
Using the vibratory driver installation
method for the large diameter caissons
involved a balance between an efficient
installation methodology and the risks to
adjacent structures, including the actively
loaded excavation shoring, heritage façade
and other surrounding structures. The
structural caissons were located at

To manage the risk from the installation of
the large diameter caissons, an installation
sequence was adopted along with monitoring of the shoring performance to
converge on areas of largest risk. This
installation monitoring plan involved
installing the first caisson at a test location to
confirm the installation methodology and
then to evaluate the impact of the installation on the shoring at each new group of
caissons as they were installed closer to the
shoring wall. The SAA was relocated to each
location using the tower crane to monitor
real-time shoring performance. If large
movements occurred, modifications to
installation methodology could be made or
additional bracing could be added to the
remainder of the shoring wall prior to
continuing the installation of caissons. The
performance of the shoring remained within
acceptable levels at each location and no
additional bracing was required.
Another concern was that the calculated natural frequency of the support
king piles for the façade of the heritage
building (10 to 15 Hz) was within the
operating range of the APE 400 vibratory
driver (6.7 to 23 Hz). To control this risk,
real-time vibration monitoring was
installed onto the king piles between the
lateral brace elevation and base of
excavation. During proximal caisson
installation, vibration was closely monitored for amplification of readings at the
king piles and overall vibration within the
heritage façade.



DFI Magazine January/February 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of DFI Magazine January/February 2020

Contents
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - Intro
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - Cover1
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - Cover2
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - Contents
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - 4
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - 5
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - 6
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - 7
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - 8
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DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - Cover3
DFI Magazine January/February 2020 - Cover4
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/march-april-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/january-february-2024
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/november-december-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/september-october-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/july-august-2023
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https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/march-april-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/january-february-2023
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/november-december-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/september-october-2022
https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/july-august-2022
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https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/march-april-2022
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https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/november-december-2021
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https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/november-december-2020
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https://www.nxtbook.com/dfi/DEEP-FOUNDATIONS/march-april-2020
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