July/August 2023 - 91

lateral resistance provided by the
anchor piles. To account for this, the
expected total passive resistance for the
anchor piles was calculated, and then
multiplied by the ratio of the area of
intersection to the total area of the
passive wedge.
The " arching effect " is typically used
to describe the behavior of soldier piles
on the passive side of an excavation as a
lateral force is applied by the active soil
and surcharge loads. The effective
arching width is usually taken as one to
three times the pile diameter (D),
depending on the soil conditions. As the
subsurface conditions at the site
consisted of medium dense to dense
sands, the effective arching width was
taken as 2D.
At the west bridge abutment, the
anchor pile/tierod system was installed
using a single lateral bracing level. The
maximum excavation height was 28 ft
(8.5 m), and the resulting bending
moments and deflections in the soldier
piles were acceptable when analyzed.
HP14x89 (HP360x132) sections were
specified for the soldier and anchor piles.
The construction procedure at the
west abutment included driving the
row of soldier piles, followed by driving
the row of anchor piles at a distance of
approximately 27 ft (8 m) from the face
of the excavation. The area between the
soldier and anchor piles was then
excavated so that the tierods could be
installed. The tierods were preloaded,
by use of a jacking system, to predetermined
design loads and locked-off
before excavation work continued. The
excavation was then completed, and
the abutment's foundation piles and
pile cap were constructed.
Construction of the east abutment
included the same procedure as the
west abutment, along with some
additional challenges. The main
difference was that the maximum
excavation height at the east abutment
was approximately 36 ft (11 m). The use
of a single lateral bracing level resulted
in estimated pile deflections that were
Bracing the excavation
not acceptable to the client's engineers,
mainly due to the very close proximity
to the active railroad tracks. Also, the
presence of existing and proposed
utilities within the area between the
soldier piles and the anchor piles meant
that the tierod spacing had to be
increased to avoid the utilities, which
further complicated the reliance on a
single lateral bracing level. These
challenges were overcome by designing
a lower bracing system that
was connected to the existing abutment
using W-section steel walers and
braces. The upper portion of the
excavation was braced by the steel
The use of a single lateral bracing level resulted in
estimated pile deflections that were not acceptable to
the client's engineers, mainly due to the very close
proximity to the active railroad tracks.
DEEP FOUNDATIONS * JULY/AUG 2023 * 91

July/August 2023

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of July/August 2023

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July/August 2023 - Intro
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