drive shank to continuously pump concrete mortar (aggregate size ≤ 4.0 mm [0.16 in]) through the interior of the pile with a typical pressure of 30-40 bar (435-580 Psi). The concrete mortar exits through the ports in the conical shoe, filling the annular space on the pile exterior during the driving process. The pile shaft becomes encapsulated in concrete, developing a bond zone. Additional pile sections are driven until the pile extends to the design length within the bond zone. After driving, the pile is cut to the plan top of pile elevation. A center reinforcing bar can be inserted in the wet concrete if required for tension or additional compression capacity. Design The relevant parameters for the estimation of the external load-bearing capacity and settlements of the piles were obtained from the results of a load test, carried out on a test pile group. The test pile group was executed for analysis purposes in the vicinity of the abutment on the Fussach side. The test pile group comprised four, single 25 m (82 ft) long grouted ductile iron piles with a nominal diameter of 320 mm (13 in). The test loads were applied on a rigid pile cap. An average group settlement of about 25 mm (1 in) was limited for the verification of the serviceability limit state. For the settlement, an allowable Conical pile shoe Execution of a frictional (grouted) ductile iron pile 102 * DEEP FOUNDATIONS * JULY/AUG 2024