May/June 2021 - 83

SPECIAL
ISSUE
FEATURE ARTICLE
ICOASTAL
NFRASTRUCTURE
Structure Monitoring During Pile Driving of Ship Berths
A view toward Mount Juneau from the tip of the port's South Berth (credit: Kyle Boudreau)
Near-shore drilling of piles can concern
owners of structures that range from
storage tanks for fuel to nearby bridges
to buildings. Despite concerns of cracks
or settlement due to ground vibrations
during pile driving, limited research
has occurred in this area. In addition,
much of this research applies to
settlement of loose sands during lowfrequency
earthquakes that produce
high ground displacements rather than
construction-related activities. Pile
driving, for instance, produces transient
impulses instead that often generate
high frequencies and low displacements.
However, it is possible to
estimate critical vibration amplitudes
from construction activities below
which the risk of settlement to proximate
structures is negligible by using
vibration-induced ground shear strains.
One such study involving soil testing,
which was published in the proceedings
from the 7th European Conference on
Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Engineering, indicated that soil
disturbance begins to occur at a shear
strain near 0.001%, or 10 micro strains
(Massarsch and Drnevich, 1979). A 10fold
higher risk was found in another
study published in the proceedings from
the DFI-EFFC International Conference
on Piling and Deep Foundations
(Massarsch and Fellenius, 2014); that is,
the authors stated that vibrations can
start to cause settlement at shear strains
above 0.010% (100 micro strains).
However, this level is considered to
represent a low risk. Significant risk of
settlements was suggested to exist only
when shear strain levels exceed 0.100%
(1,000 micro strains).
Alaskan Case Study
To investigate shore-based vibrational
impacts further, the authors conducted
a study of structures on or near the
Downtown Historic District in Juneau,
Alaska, from fall 2015 to April 2016. Two
pile-supported cruise ship berths were
constructed at the Port of Juneau
between September 2015 and 2017.
That work included construction of
approach docks, transfer bridges,
concrete pontoons, navigation booms
and breasting/mooring dolphins. All
told, the work required driving over one
hundred 24 in to 48 in (610 mm to 1,219
mm) steel pipe piles to a depth of 100 to
240 ft (30.5 to 73.0 m).
The vibration-monitoring program
was conducted at several structures
proximate to construction of the South
and North Berth. During construction of
AUTHORS Kristen Kolden, Alaska Seismic & Environmental, and Catherine Aimone-Martin, Ph.D., Aimone-Martin Associates
DEEP FOUNDATIONS * MAY/JUNE 2021 * 83

May/June 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of May/June 2021

TOC
May/June 2021 - Intro
May/June 2021 - 1
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May/June 2021 - TOC
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