May/June 2022 - 20

Load Testing Benefits
[0.98 in]), the API Sand model is more in agreement with the
The back-calculated p-y curve from pressuremeter test
lateral load test results to represent the behavior of the
granular soil (fill and till).
The purpose of the load tests was to determine the design
values of side and base resistance on drilled shafts
constructed using means and methods identical to those to be
used on production foundations. Calibrating the load test
results, with regard to skin friction and load distribution
along with the use of high resistance factors, permitted by the
Canadian Code, allowed the geotechnical team to design
shafts shorter by about 3 m (10 ft), on average, than would be
obtained by using traditional methods. Due to the large
number of shafts (over 650) to be constructed, cost saving of
over $20 million (U.S. dollars) was achieved.
Conclusions
The load tests showed the load transferred to the tip was larger
than that predicted by the elastic approach, used frequently by
practicing engineers, by about 66% on average. This allowed
the REM design team the calibration of the design models to
the load tests, which led to reliable foundation performance
with shorter shafts and significantly lower cost.
was found to better capture the soil response for shafts
subject to lateral loading for small displacement than the
traditional p-y models.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the Design-Build Joint
Venture (JV) team NouvLR and the Caisse de Dépôt et
Placement du Québec (CDPQ) for authorizing the publication
of the load test results. The authors would also thank Brendan
Weaver, P.Eng., for reviewing the content of the article.
Riad Diab, Ph.D., P.E., P.Eng., is a senior geotechnical engineer at
Construction Kiewit CIE, based in Laval, Canada, with over 24 years
of experience in geotechnical design of foundation and retaining
structures. He was the lead geotechnical designer for the REM project.
Taravat Kashi Ghandi, P.Eng., is a project geotechnical engineer at
SNC Lavalin, based in Montreal, Canada. As project manager, she
was heavily involved in the geotechnical design of the REM project.
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