September/October 2021 - 101

FEATURE ARTICLE
Deep mixing with double axis machine to form
treated soil buttresses (credit, Trevicos)
U.S. Deep Mixing Specifications and Quality Assessment
The different methods basically
fo l l ow t hr ee d i f fe r en t mi x i ng
principles:
* Use of vertical single- or multi-axis
machines in the " conventional "
approach, in which the soil is
blended with binder that is injected
via ports in the mixing tool, creating
single columns or overlapping
groups of columns.
* Use of cont inuous trenching
methods wherein the ground is cut
and blended by large chainsaw-type
tools, which are pulled slowly along
at the ground surface.
* Use of panel mixing, in which two
mixing wheels are mounted on
horizontal axes; this approach is
basically a derivative of the longestablished
hydromill, hydrofraise
or cutter used for diaphragm wall
construction.
Deep Mixing Methods
" Conventional "
Continuous
Trenching
Panel Mixing
Deep Mixing Series:
This article is the first in a
series that covers keynotes
from DFI's Deep Mixing
Conference in June 2021.
We hope you enjoy the
Deep Foundations series,
which will resume in 2022
magazine issues after this
year's final, special issue
about Smart Development.
The range of DMM applications is wide
and much valued by practitioners in
dam and levee repair; earth retention
systems; port, harbor and highway
construction; and environmental
remediation, in particular. DMM
popularity has been further enhanced
by presentations at key international
conferences - mainly run by DFI -
such as in New Orleans (2003, 2012 and
2022), San Francisco (2015), Honolulu
(2017), and an online conference in
2021, initially planned for Gdańsk,
AUTHORS Donald Bruce, Ph.D., Geosystems, and Pete Cali, Ph.D., Sea Level Engineering
DEEP FOUNDATIONS * SEPT/OCT 2021 * 101
Deep Mixing Methods (DMM) have
become widely used in the U.S. since
their introduction by Japanese contractors
in California in 1986. Deep
Mixing treats and improves soils and
fills by blending them in situ with a
" binder, " typically a cementitious grout,
although some methods simply use a
dry form. The many different DMM
reflect their import from Japan and
Europe, as well as domestically built
systems, as shown in the figure.

September/October 2021

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of September/October 2021

Table of Contents
September/October 2021 - Intro
September/October 2021 - 1
September/October 2021 - 2
September/October 2021 - Table of Contents
September/October 2021 - 4
September/October 2021 - 5
September/October 2021 - 6
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