Orthotown December 2021 - 38
3D printers
Advances in desktop 3D printing,
introduction of various digital software
packages to move teeth, and availability
of various thermoforming plastic fi lms all
contributed to adoption of in-house protocols
to fabricate aligners. This trend aligns with
3D-printing most dental appliances in-offi ce
as part of opting for digital dentistry.
Most desktop 3D printers use one of
seven printing technologies: vat photopolymerization
(also known as stereolithography,
or SLA); material extrusion; material jetting;
binder jetting; powder-bed fusion; directed-energy
deposition; or sheet lamination.
In dentistry, the most commonly used is
vat photopolymerization, followed by a
metal-selective laser-sintering process.
This article focuses on vat photopolymerization
3D printers, which use
ultraviolet-spectrum light to cure photosensitive
liquid resin. The vat photopolymerization
process is divided into three subgroups: laser
beam or classic SLA; direct light processing
(DLP); and LCD-masked SLA (Fig. 1).
Independent of the printing technology,
all 3D-printed objects at this time are
fabricated in an incremental process of
layer-by-layer deposition. Attempts on
volumetric 3D printing are promising.1
Laser beam (classic SLA): The stereolithography
3D-printing concept-also
earlier referred to as rapid prototyping-was
introduced by Charles Hull in the 1980s.
SLA printers follow the same structure:
A beam of laser is guided through two
mirrors and projected on the membrane,
the transparent base of a tank. The polymerization
process occurs close to the beam
of light. Basically, each layer of 3D-printed
parts is fabricated through an incremental
brush-like process.
Form 3 SLA printers by Formlabs are
now the dominant SLA 3D printers in
dentistry. Form 3 models are equipped
with low-force stereolithography (LFS), a
redesigned light-processing unit (LPU),
and software improvements over previous
versions. These collective changes put Form 3
printers in good position to partially fulfi ll
the 3D-printing needs of an IOA system.
38 DECEMBER 2021 // orthotown.com
Masked (LCD)
Laser beam (SLA)
Fig. 1: Schematic representation of three common vat photopolymerization 3D-printing technologies.
(Courtesy of Mary Farahzadi)
Direct light processing (DLP)
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Orthotown December 2021
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Orthotown December 2021
Orthotown December 2021 - Intro
Orthotown December 2021 - Cover1
Orthotown December 2021 - Cover2
Orthotown December 2021 - 1
Orthotown December 2021 - 2
Orthotown December 2021 - 3
Orthotown December 2021 - 4
Orthotown December 2021 - 5
Orthotown December 2021 - 6
Orthotown December 2021 - 7
Orthotown December 2021 - 8
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Orthotown December 2021 - Cover3
Orthotown December 2021 - Cover4
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