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Weed Management Strategies
Summary of Nonchemical Weed Management Practices
Cultural
Land selection
Crop selection
Crop rotation
Adapted crop varieties
Appropriate crop management
Mulch
Mechanical and Thermal
Moldboard plowing
Rotary hoeing
Row cultivator
Mowing
Flame weeding
Biological
Cover crops and living mulches
Insect or disease pests or weeds
Avoid fields with a history of weed problems.
Grow the most competitive crops in fields with histories of weed problems.
Rotate between vegetables and non-row crops such as alfalfa. Rotate between vegetables in different botanical
categories.
Select crop varieties adapted for your area.
Proper row spacings and plant densities Use row spacings and plant densities that assure rapid crop canopy closure.
Correct planting times
Vigorous, healthy crops are more competitive against weeds and insects.
Natural mulches may be appropriate on small acreages. Synthetic (plastic) mulches are useful to manage weeds
within the row in warm-season crops. Consider disposal problems when using plastic mulches.
This can eliminate emerged annual weeds.
This is useful to manage small-seeded weeds in large-seeded crops such as sweet corn, snap bean, lima bean, and
pea.
Dislodge or cover as many weed seedlings as possible. Avoid damaging crop root systems.
Mow weeds as soon as flowers appear so no viable weed seed is produced.
Flame weeding, or using a hot flame to kill weeds, is effective for stale seedbed weed removal or weeds that
emerge before the vegetable crop. Flame weeding is effective for weed control in vegetables such as onions,
parsnips, and carrots. Some growers have successfully used flame weeding on transplanted onions that are 8-10 in.
tall. Sweet corn that has just emerged and potatoes up to 2 in. tall can be flame weeded.
Cover crops and intercrops can reduce weed pressure in a variety of ways: they can compete with weeds to reduce
weed seed production, release allelochemicals that suppress weed seed germination and growth, or produce
residue that acts as a mulch to suppress weed growth.
No current systems use insects or diseases to manage weeds in common vegetables.
Plant crops when soil temperatures favor rapid germination and emergence. Do not plant warm-season crops too
early in the season.
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