August 2022 - 14

dr. bugs
Entomopathogenic Fungi
Question: Can insect pests protect themselves from infection by an
entomopathogenic fungus?
Answer: You ask a
Raymond A. Cloyd
is professor and
Extension specialist
in horticultural
entomology/
plant protection
at Kansas State
University. He
can be reached at
rcloyd@ksu.edu.
really good question
that is important in the
management of insect pests
in greenhouse production
systems when using
entomopathogenic fungalbased
insecticides. First,
you need to know that the
insect cuticle (skin) provides
protection from desiccation
(drying up) and serves as a
defense against biological
control agents (parasitoids
and predators). The cuticle surface
is also where entomopathogenic
fungi, such as Beauveria bassiana,
Isaria fumosoroseus and Metarhizium
brunneum, attach to the body of insect
pests such as aphids, mealybugs,
thrips, and whiteflies. Infection of
insect pests begins after conidia
(asexually produced spores) of an
entomopathogenic fungus attaches to
the cuticle.
After attaching to the insect
cuticle, entomopathogenic fungi
produce degradation enzymes, such
as proteases, chitinases and lipases,
as well as secondary metabolites
that permit direct penetration
through the insect pest cuticle, which
facilitates an infection. Infection by
entomopathogenic fungi is associated
with germination and growth of a
fungus on the surface of the insect pest
cuticle, which allows the fungal hyphae
(branching filaments that constitute
the mycelium of a fungus) to directly
penetrate through the cuticle layers.
The fungus then produces a specialized
structure called an appressorium that
14 AUGUST 2022 GPNMAG.COM
Figure 1. Aphid molting skins. Molting or shedding of the cuticle may protect aphids from
infection by an entomopathogenic fungus.
Figure 2. Fungus gnat larvae tunneling through the growing medium may inadvertently
remove the spores of entomopathogenic fungi.

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August 2022

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