March 2021 - 20

Frederick: They each add different levels of ITC into
the soil, so you have to keep that in mind when choosing
your product in fitting them into your rotation.
Rosen: There is still research that needs to be done in
this area. I would say there are certain biofumigants
that work better on verticillium than nematodes, but
some of that we're still trying to work on and figure
out. In the meantime, using biofumigants is still
beneficial just by adding more carbon to your soil and
improving microbial activity.
How do we best fit a fumigation into a soil
health program?
Frederick: It gets you to a starting point by bringing
down the detrimental pathogens. Also your beneficial
(microbes) come down, but you can build those back
up over time. I think fumigation is a great first step.
Thornton: Pathogens are one aspect of soil health
and fumigants do play a role in reducing pests in the
soil, but from a soil health standpoint, fumigants are
not a substitute for a good rotation. We still need to
use high-residue crops, green manures and use cover
crops when we can to build organic matter and carbon
in the soil, which help to suppress those diseases.
Rosen: Something that tends to be forgotten is that
you're not only affecting the pathogen population,
but you're improving the root health of your crop.
That allows potatoes to explore more soil and utilize
nutrients more efficiently (if you have soilborne
pathogens affecting your root growth).
How do we best maintain our soil health
after fumigation?
Rosen: Mike already talked about using high-residue
(rotational) crops and cover crops whenever possible,
but another thing is tilling as little as possible not only
during your potato year, but your rotation years too.
Green manures are great, but also any other type of
compost that you have access to.
Frederick: Fumigation is just a tool in the toolbox, it
doesn't replace rotational crops and green manures
that put that carbon and organic matter back into the
soil. That's really the way to build up that soil health.
Is there one soil health tip or practice
that really jumps out to you in relation to
fumigation?
Rosen: You just have to remember that when you
fumigate you are bringing down the (microbes) in
your soil, so you have to take those steps along the
20
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