Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 44

Maintenance and Reliability
Virtually every article published by
Graham Manufacturing Corporation or
such industry experts as J. R. Lines, R.
T. Smith, Elliot Spence, Loren E. Wetzel,
Norman P. Lieberman, Scott W.
Golden and Andrew Sloley-to name
a few-recommends the necessity of a
well-insulated steam supply line, near
saturated steam as the motive source,
and comments on the importance of
having a steam trap and separator/drain
installed before the steam ejector. Even
so, it is common to see neither insulation,
a steam trap, nor separator/drain
before an operating system.
The necessity for insulation and the
FIG. 19. A trap with supply side connected to vacuum cannot easily discharge to atmosphere.
separation and drainage equipment is
to minimize and remove the wetness
present in typical steam supply to the
ejector. What may not be considered is
that the steam velocity exiting the ejector's
motive nozzle is in the range of
3,000 ft/sec-4,000 ft/sec.9
The presFIG.
20. A trap can only drain into the hotwell if there is sufficient hydraulic head or downward
flow by gravity.
ence of wetness in the steam has multiple
debilitating effects, from reducing
the suction to eroding the orifice. Once
the orifice diameter is enlarged by 7%,
it must be replaced-until that is done,
the vacuum is reduced and the steam
demand increased. The reduced vacuum
strength requires other ejectors to be put
into service if additional suction is needed,
which can significantly increase the
steam used above the flow through the
enlarged nozzle (FIG. 23).
An additional common error found
on the inter- and after- condensers in
an air exhauster system is the balancing
of the drain trap (FIG. 24). Improper or
non-existent balancing is frequently experienced,
and this practice can severely
impact the condenser performance due
to insufficient drainage from and subsequent
reduction of heat transfer duty of
a flooded/partially flooded condenser.
Close attention should be given to the
correct installation and drain trap balancing,
as well as maintaining the trap
to correct operating condition, to help
optimize condenser performance.
FIG. 21. Getting condensate to flow up to the hotwell requires a pump system when hydraulic
head is insufficient.
44 NOVEMBER 2022 | HydrocarbonProcessing.com
Takeaways. Consider these case historybased
experiences to help improve steam
turbine performance and vacuum system
reliability. Begin by improving the quality
of steam supplied from the utility headers,
supported by proper CDL placement and
maintenance (FIGS. 4-10). This is crucial
to turbine efficiency and reliability, with
https://www.HydrocarbonProcessing.com

Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022

Industry Perspectives
Editorial Comment
Construction
Innovations
Digital Technologies
Optimization of ethylene in the processing of hydrocarbons
Shift focus to more open control technology
Integrated remote operations drive collaboration and autonomy
Reliability analysis of analyzers bridges the gap between assessing and addressing risk
Implement advanced level control techniques to improve crude distillation unit stabilizer performance
Leading capital projects in a VUCA environment
Trip your turbine troubles: Optimize the reliability of steam-driven turbines
Development of novel epoxy closed-cell foam for personnel and corrosion protection—Part 2
Obsolescence management in a manufacturing unit
Decarbonizing your fired heaters with hydrogen fuel
Mechanical design challenges in high-temperature electric heaters
Why sulfur plants fail: An in-depth study of sulfur recovery unit failures—Part 2
Advertiser Index
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 1
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 2
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 3
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Industry Perspectives
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 5
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 6
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Editorial Comment
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 8
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 9
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Construction
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 11
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Innovations
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 11B
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 12
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Digital Technologies
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 14
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 15
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 16
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Optimization of ethylene in the processing of hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 18
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 19
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 20
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Shift focus to more open control technology
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 22
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 23
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 24
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Integrated remote operations drive collaboration and autonomy
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 26
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 27
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 28
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 29
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 30
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Reliability analysis of analyzers bridges the gap between assessing and addressing risk
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 32
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 33
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Implement advanced level control techniques to improve crude distillation unit stabilizer performance
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 35
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 36
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Leading capital projects in a VUCA environment
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 38
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Trip your turbine troubles: Optimize the reliability of steam-driven turbines
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 40
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 41
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 42
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 43
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 44
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 45
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 46
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Development of novel epoxy closed-cell foam for personnel and corrosion protection—Part 2
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 48
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 49
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 50
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Obsolescence management in a manufacturing unit
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 50B
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Decarbonizing your fired heaters with hydrogen fuel
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 52
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 53
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 54
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Mechanical design challenges in high-temperature electric heaters
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 56
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 57
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 58
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 59
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 60
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Why sulfur plants fail: An in-depth study of sulfur recovery unit failures—Part 2
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 62
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 63
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 64
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 65
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - Advertiser Index
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 67
Hydrocarbon Processing - November 2022 - 68
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