NEPA Vital Signs - Summer Fall 2018 - 12

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LUZERNEMEDSOC.ORG

The amount of sunscreen used is an important factor. One
ounce (two tablespoons) is the minimal amount needed to cover
the entire body. According to a 2007 study published in the British
Journal of Dermatology most people only apply one-quarter of the
amount of sunscreen that they should.
Concerned about the growing incidence of sun-induced skin
problems, as well as undocumented claims by certain manufacturers, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration advised in 1978
that sun protection factor (SPF) information be included on all
sunscreen packages. Sunscreen products now carry numbers
ranging from 15 to 50+ indicating their effectiveness in filtering
out solar radiation capable of burning the skin.
The higher the SPF number, the greater the shielding from
burning radiation. This is not a linear relationship; an SPF of 30
does not give twice as much sun protection as an SPF of 15. SPF
15 blocks 93 percent of burning rays; SPF 30 blocks 97 percent;
and SPF 50 blocks all but one percent. Does one need an SPF of
100? Perhaps yes. A split-face study of March skiers under sunny
skies, published in December 2017, demonstrated that the side
of the face coated with SPF 50 was 11 times more likely to be
sunburned than the SPF 100 side.

A first line of defense against untoward ultraviolet light exposure is clothing, with some garments being much more effective
than others. Indeed, certain clothes, especially when wet, fail to
protect the skin from a significant portion of ultraviolet light.
Color (darker shades being more efficient), fiber content, and
fabric weave help determine clothing's effectiveness as a barrier
to ultraviolet light. And don't forget a hat, especially if your hair
is thinning. The hat protects not only the scalp, but depending
on brim size, parts of the face as well.

Remember, SPF refers only to UVB radiation protection.
Maximum sunscreen protection is afforded by a high-SPF,
broad-spectrum formulation. This is important because UVA
radiation has been linked to premature aging and skin cancer.
And again, applying the correct amount of sunscreen is crucial.
Using half of the correct amount of sunscreen rated at SPF 70
(that is, one tablespoon rather than two) will not give a SPF of
35, but one of 8.

Sun protective agents applied to the skin are known as sunscreens. These are widely available, formulated as creams, gels,
lotions, sticks, pads, and sprays. Some ingredients, such as avobenzone (Parsol 1789) and terephthalydene dicamphor sulfonic
acid (Mexoryl SX), work best to block UVA. Others block UVB
and have tongue-twister names such as octyl dimethyl para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate.
Agents that block both UVA and UVB are referred to as inorganic
sunscreens and contain either titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.
Since both the ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B spectrums of light
are dangerous to skin, one should always apply a sunscreen
labeled "broad spectrum."

If used properly, sunscreens will prevent the immediate danger
from solar radiation, the sunburn. Long-term use will help prevent
wrinkles, dark spots, and cancer. Because the hazardous effects of
sunlight are cumulative, sunscreens are best used at an early age.

For maximum effectiveness, sunscreens should be applied
thirty minutes before sun exposure and reapplied after swimming
or profuse sweating. A sunscreen labeled "water resistant" will
adhere to the skin while the user is in water for at least forty
minutes. As a rule, most sunscreens lose their effectiveness after
three or four hours.

Indoor Tanning

The Food and Drug Administration and the American Academy
of Dermatology are concerned about health hazards posed by
indoor tanning centers. Most of the radiation received in tanning

The amount of sunscreen used is an important factor. One ounce
(two tablespoons) is the minimal amount needed to cover the
entire body. According to a 2007 study published in the British
Journal of Dermatology most people only apply one-quarter of
the amount of sunscreen that they should.

N E PA

12

VITAL SIGNS


http://www.lackmedsoc.org http://www.LUZERNEMEDSOC.ORG

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of NEPA Vital Signs - Summer Fall 2018

NEPA Vital Signs - Summer Fall 2018 - 1
NEPA Vital Signs - Summer Fall 2018 - 2
NEPA Vital Signs - Summer Fall 2018 - 3
NEPA Vital Signs - Summer Fall 2018 - 4
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