Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 13
C
between the geomembrane with wrinkles and underlying GCL were observed
throughout the cell after the onset of the
geomembrane removal processes. The
height of the cavity between the geomembrane and the GCL due to wrinkling was
measured to be on the order of 6 to 8
inches (150 to 200 mm) along the base of
the cell, with less space present between
the geosynthetic liners along the slopes.
The condition of the parent geomembrane was relatively uniform throughout
the cell. Similarly, the condition of the
seams also was uniform in the uncovered
cell. Significant defects such as holes,
tears, puncture marks or seam separation/irregularities were not observed at
the site during the investigation.
EBRATIN
EL
G
the light-colored side oriented downward
and placed against the underlying subgrade and the dark-colored side oriented
upward and placed against the textured
surface of the overlying geomembrane.
The GCL was manufactured with granular bentonite. The composite liner system
was constructed in 2004. A leachate collection and removal system, separation
layer, or waste were not placed in the
cell at any time after construction of the
liner system and the GCL-GM liner system was left uncovered for more than 12
years, through June 2016. The annual
mean temperature at the site varied
between 58.6°F and 63.1°F (14.8°C and
17.3°C) between 2004 and 2016, with an
average value of 60.4°F (15.8°C) for the
12-year period. The average mean minimum and mean maximum temperature
were 48.4°F (9.1°C) and 72.5°F (22.5°C),
respectively, and the average annual precipitation was 16.3 inches (414.7 mm) for
the 12-year exposure period. In 2016, for
expansion of the landfill cell, the exposed
liner system was removed to accommodate the revised site geometry for the
construction of a new cell. The authors
were allowed access to the site during
the liner removal operations. The condition of the geosynthetic components was
observed and assessed, and samples were
collected from both the geomembrane
and the GCL for further evaluations in
the laboratory.
years
since 1979
Model 4420
Crackmeter
Observation during
field exhumation
Initially, the geomembrane was removed
at the site, followed by the removal of
the underlying GCL. In days prior to
the exhumation operations, the geomembrane was observed to undergo significant dimensional changes between
cool morning hours and warm afternoon hours, leading to the formation
of wrinkles (Figures 2a and 2b). Space
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Geosynthetics June/July 2020
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of Geosynthetics June/July 2020
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - Cover1
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - Cover2
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 1
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 2
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 3
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 4
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 5
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 6
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 7
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 8
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 9
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Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 11
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 12
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 13
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 14
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 15
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 16
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 17
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 18
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 19
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 20
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 21
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Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 25
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 26
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 27
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 28
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Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 35
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Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 45
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Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - 48
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - Cover3
Geosynthetics June/July 2020 - Cover4
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