Words in the News incarnation embodiment Memorial* is deemed by Russia watchers to be the embodiment of civil society despite justice ministry charges made in November 2015 that it is "undermining the constitutional order of the Russian Federation". * Russian human rights non-governmental organization (NGO) embroil mêler, impliquer When China confirmed in late December 2015 that it was preparing to build its own aircraft carrier, Asia watchers drew attention to the fact that it was embroiled in territorial disputes with Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan and the Philippines in the South China Sea. enact adopter Australia is fighting a legal challenge to its smoking laws by a major tobacco company which has stated "governments can and should honor their international obligations when enacting tobacco control measures". endorse approuver At their September 2015 summit meeting in Papua New Guinea, the Pacific Island Development Forum endorsed the goal of keeping global average temperatures no more than 1° Celsius above pre-industrial levels. enforce faire respecter Market analysts believe the Volkswagen diesel emissions scandal which broke out in autumn 2015 should encourage governments to decide on and enforce honest standards from carmakers in the future. 52