F foray incursion Market analysts noted that the European Central Bank made an initial foray into quantitative easing in early 2015. formal officiel Prior to the September 2014 referendum, the Scottish National Party made it clear that it sought formal representation for an independent Scotland on the board of the Bank of England. former ancien, ex- In what was described as a "historic moment" by one political commentator, former dictator Muhammadu Buhari was elected to Nigeria's presidency in late March 2015. for the sake of dans l'intérêt de Following Syriza's election win in early 2015, political observers said Mr Tsipras needed to be given a chance to turn the economy around for the sake of Greece' s future and for that of Europe too. foster stimuler, encourager Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne expressed his belief in October 2015 that devolving business-rate collection to local councils in England would foster regional growth. fractious divisé, réfractaire At its meeting in Vienna in late 2014, OPEC* failed to agree on any curbs in production, prompting one industry analyst to say it was no longer an oil cartel but just a fractious trade association. * Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 59