Langues appliquées - Anglais : Economie, gestion, droit, AES - 4e - 13

the industrial revolution

ee DEFINITIONS eee
R Industrial Revolution (the) extended period of radical socioeconomic changes that took
place in England (about 1750-1850) when the extensive mechanization of production systems
resulted in a shift from home-based hand manufacturing to large scale factory production
R foreign markets areas outside its own borders to which a country exports its goods and
services; export markets, external markets
R goods products made to satisfy needs
R domestic markets where goods and services are bought and sold within the borders of a
country as opposed to exported; home markets, internal markets
R output the quantity of goods or services produced over a given time period by a firm or industry
R export shipping goods from one country to another for sale or exchange
R self-sufficient the extent to which a country can supply its own needs by what it can produce
and develop itself without external assistance
R trading the activity of exchanging, or the buying and selling of goods; commerce
R business (1) type of activity taking place in a profit-oriented organization such as a company
or a shop
R cotton gin a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds,
allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation
R power loom a machine that is powered mechanically instead of using human labour to
weave patterns or thread into cloth
R steam engine machine using steam power to perform mechanical work through the agency
of heat
R laissez faire principle an economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation or
interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free enterprise system to
operate according to its own economic laws
R cottage industries the production, for sale, of goods at home, such as the making of
handicrafts by rural families
R market economy an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and
resources and to determine prices
R household economic unit comprised of a single person living alone, a family or a group of
people living under the same roof and sharing living arrangements
R labor standards norms established to ensure fair treatment of workers, to protect their
rights in areas such as minimum wage and wage payment, hours of work and overtime, and
to combat child labor
R wages workers' remuneration for the services of their labor; pay
R working conditions factors affecting the work environment, such as hours of work,
occupational health and safety arrangements, as well as benefits
R crop a plant cultivated in large quantities on farms and in fields (e.g. corn, rice)
R land tenure the form or conditions under which land and buildings are held, especially
when not freehold
R livestock the horses, cattle, sheep, and other useful animals kept or raised on a farm
R enclosed estates lands held in common in rural areas since medieval times which were
surrounded by fences in 18th century England for the benefit of great landowners; enclosures
R rights protections, freedoms or guarantees provided by the state
R poverty the condition of being extremely poor, having little money and very few material
possessions
R unemployment the situation of being jobless when willing and able to work
Table des matières de la publication Langues appliquées - Anglais : Economie, gestion, droit, AES - 4e
