JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 93

EXPERT'S DIGEST
ATL/AFP
ities including an autoclave used as an
oven and infusion equipment were used
together with an existing curing mould.
Further development work was necessary to get a robust process to fill the
preform laid up with the new DFP materials. So, a comprehensive trial pyramid
based on small coupon tests to evaluate
basic parameters, going on to scale-up
tests to evaluate effects on larger parts
and ending with a full-scale demonstrator cover was implemented. The
main challenge of working with DFP
materials was their low permeability.
This means the fibre layers are packed
so tight that the resin moves very slowly
through the preform. Here, an infusion
concept was needed where the distance
the resin has to flow is as short as possible. The infusion of different skin and
stringer materials had to be considered
as well for the infusion concept. To
maintain the vacuum and for suction
of the remaining air, a semi-permeable
membrane was used. This foil worked
like a breathable outdoor jacket and was
permeable to gases but impenetrable for
the infusion resin.
There are two main questions the
developers want to answer before using
an infusion process: " How can I fill my
part in the required lead time? How
should I set up my process to achieve
good quality? " To estimate these points,
it is essential to get a precise prediction
of the resin flow, especially the position
of the flow fronts during the process.
Therefore, parallel to the practical trials,
flow simulations were conducted in
close partnership with the Faserinstitut
Bremen e.V:. In the first step, resin flow
calculations were executed after the
physical tests to evaluate the material
parameters and to compare theory and
practice. For larger parts, this made it
possible to predict how the resin inlets,
distribution material and channels had
to be positioned. The objective was to
get a process faster than the curing time
of the reactive resin, without dry spots.
Finally, the 14-m demonstrator was
manufactured using the developed

concept. Non-destructive testing with
ultrasonic inspection confirmed a very
good inner quality without internal failures. Significant experience was gained
during the project and the potential and
further development needs could be
pointed out.
Summary and future work
As part of the project, an automated process to layup about 400 kg of dry fibres
was validated successfully in a vertical
mould position. The successful infusion
of a thick demonstrator with more than
200 kg of aerospace resin completed the
joint research activity. The layup parameters chosen enabled a safe deposition
and robust infusion, but resulted in a
high bulking of the preform, which was
not optimised for internal laminate quality. Therefore, future activities are needed to optimise the parameters taken into
account for mechanical performance.
The main approach was validated for the
vertical deposition of thick preforms. In
addition to future technology improvements, DLR validated a first multi-robot
process with two AFP robots working
simultaneously as part of a LuFo V-1
funded project, EWiMa. This approach
will be improved in the future to develop
an intelligent manufacturing execution
system that can schedule the layup tasks
for several robot units, both offline and
online, in an automated and productive
way. Furthermore, DLR will develop and
integrate systems for automated quality
inspection in order to increase process
automation and productivity compared
to state-of-the-art AFP and ATL processes with a visual inspection of each
ply by a worker.
The approach to minimize the resin
flow distance in the low permeability
skin preform turned out very well and
secured a successful infusion at the first
time. The parallel simulation of the resin
flow supports the setup of the infusion
inlets. The effort and additional auxiliary materials required for the chosen
infusion setup can offset all potential
material cost savings. So, future projects

Expert's digest jec

have to focus on an optimized infusion
setup for industrial applications.
More information:
www.DLR.de
Contact:
andreas.kolbe@dlr.de
Acknowledgement
Many thanks to BMWi and NBank
for funding the project.

As published in jec composites
magazine N°117 Nov./Dec. 2017

composites magazine Additive Manufacturing

93

References

[1] Airbus, www.airbus.com, 2015.
http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/
pressreleases/press-release-detail/detail/
airbus-to-boost-a320-production-to-60-amonth-in-mid-2019/, [Accessed 02 March
2017].
[2] MTorres, www.mtorres.es,2017.
http://www.mtorres.es/en/
communication/news/mtorres-delivers-hybrid-afpatl-gantry-machines-airbus-efficient-a350xwb-wings, [Accessed 24 April
2017].
[3] P.E. Irving and C. Soutis, Polymer
Composites in the Aerospace Industry, 2015,
Chapter 3.5 Page 62.
[4] G. Marsh, Reinforced Plastics Journal,
2011, Bombardier throws down the gauntlet
with CSeries airliner, pages 22-26, ISSN:
0034-3617.
[25] FACC, Composites World, 2014, FACC:
Aerospace infusion pioneer,
http://www.compositesworld.
com/articles/facc-aerospace-infusion-pioneer,
[Accessed 02 March 2017].
[6] Solvay, Press Releases 2014, Cytec
Providing Composite Products for the MS-21
Programme, http://www.solvay.com/en/
media/press_releases/20140311-cytec-providing-composite-products-ms-21-program.
html, [Accessed 02 June 2017].
[7] Composites World, News Post 5/30/2017,
Russian MC-21 makes first flight with Solvay
materials, http://www.compositesworld.
com/news/russion-mc-21-makes-first-flightwith-cytec-solvay-materials, [Accessed 10
July 2017].
[8] Mtorres, www.mtorres.es, 2014. Dry
Carbon Fiber Automatic Placement (AFP)
on production in Aerocomposites, http://
www.mtorres.es/en/communication/news/
encintada-con-%C3%A9xito-en-fibra-secael-ala-del-ms21-en-rusia, [Accessed 10 July
2017].
[10] C. Krombholz, J. Stüve and M.
Wiedemann, Journal of Large-Scale Research
Facilities (JLSRF) 2016, GroFi: Large-scale
fiber placement research facility, Pages 1-4,
ISSN 2364-091X.


http://www.DLR.de https://www.airbus.com/presscentre/pressreleases/press-release-detail/detail/airbus-to-boost-a320-production-to-60-a-month-in-mid-2019/ http://www.mtorres.es,2017 https://www.mtorres.es/en/communication/news/mtorres-delivers-hybrid-afpatl-gantry-machines-airbus-efficient-a350xwb-wings https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/facc-aerospace-infusion-pioneer https://www.solvay.com/en/press-release/cytec-providing-composite-products-ms-21-program https://www.compositesworld.com/news/russion-mc-21-makes-first-flight-with-cytec-solvay-materials http://www.mtorres.es https://www.mtorres.es/en/communication/news/encintada-con-exito-en-fibra-seca-el-ala-del-ms21-en-rusia

JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020

Contents
Overview - lntroduction to the additive manufacturing of fibre-reinforced composites
Additive manufacturing
Manufacturing  - High-performance creations: additive manufacturing and composites 
Manufacturing - Additive manufacturing of high-performance composite structures 
Technology - Simulating the effects of warpage in an additively-manufactured composite layup tool 
Business insights 
AFP & ATL 
Simulation - Optimizing the key manufacturing parameters of the AFP process 
Simulation - How AFP lay-up affects a composte part’s design intent 
Measurement - Preform permeability measurement and 3D resin flow simulation for dry AFP 
Monitoring - Fibre placement in-process monitoring and solutions for quality optimisation 
Process - Repurposing residual AFP tape for complex aerospace parts 
Process - Rapid manufacturing of a tailored spar by AFP and stamp forming 
Process - PAEK composite prepreg: fast and efficient part manufacturing 
Process - Fibre patch placement: expanding the scope of additive manufacturing 
Process - Automated manufacturing of stiffened composite shells using dry fibre material 
Process - Laser-assisted tape- and fibre-placement-system «Multimaterial Head» 
Process - Economic production of load-optimized thermoplastic composites 
3D printing 
Aerospace - Full-strength 5-axis carbon fibre 3D printing revolutionizes aviation and space 
Aerospace - Successful mission of TuPOD, a TubeSats deployer manufactured via additive manufacturing 
Aerospace - lnduction welding of reinforced additive-manufactured parts 
Automotive - The Energica dashboard reinvented through professional 3D printing and composite materials 
Automotive - Transforming composite production processes with FDM additive manufacturing 
Automotive - Disrupting the composite tooling supply chain 
Marine - World’s first 3D-printed yacht with carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic compounds  
Sports & Leisure - Additive manaufacturing applications in sporting goods production 
Sports & Leisure - Making the first 3D-printed carbon fibre bike 
Sports & Leisure - lnnovative composite bicycle frame 
Equipment & Machining - Injection moulding: running tests earlier with 3D printing 
Equipment & Machining - Large-scalme additive manufacturing of composite thermoplastics - where are we?
Construction - 3D printing and new materials are the core of China’s smarter cities 
Construction - 3D printing technology for building and construction 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 1
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Overview - lntroduction to the additive manufacturing of fibre-reinforced composites
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 8
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 10
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 12
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 14
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Additive manufacturing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Manufacturing  - High-performance creations: additive manufacturing and composites 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Manufacturing - Additive manufacturing of high-performance composite structures 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Technology - Simulating the effects of warpage in an additively-manufactured composite layup tool 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Business insights 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 29
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 31
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 58
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JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 60
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 62
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 63
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - AFP & ATL 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Simulation - Optimizing the key manufacturing parameters of the AFP process 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 66
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Simulation - How AFP lay-up affects a composte part’s design intent 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 69
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 70
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Measurement - Preform permeability measurement and 3D resin flow simulation for dry AFP 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 72
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 73
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 74
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Monitoring - Fibre placement in-process monitoring and solutions for quality optimisation 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 76
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 77
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Process - Repurposing residual AFP tape for complex aerospace parts 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 79
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Process - Rapid manufacturing of a tailored spar by AFP and stamp forming 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 81
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 82
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 83
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Process - PAEK composite prepreg: fast and efficient part manufacturing 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 85
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 86
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 87
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Process - Fibre patch placement: expanding the scope of additive manufacturing 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 89
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Process - Automated manufacturing of stiffened composite shells using dry fibre material 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 91
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 92
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 93
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Process - Laser-assisted tape- and fibre-placement-system «Multimaterial Head» 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 95
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Process - Economic production of load-optimized thermoplastic composites 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 97
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 98
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 99
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 100
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 101
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 102
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 103
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 3D printing 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Aerospace - Full-strength 5-axis carbon fibre 3D printing revolutionizes aviation and space 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 106
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 107
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Aerospace - Successful mission of TuPOD, a TubeSats deployer manufactured via additive manufacturing 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 109
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 110
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 111
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Aerospace - lnduction welding of reinforced additive-manufactured parts 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 113
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Automotive - The Energica dashboard reinvented through professional 3D printing and composite materials 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 115
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Automotive - Transforming composite production processes with FDM additive manufacturing 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 117
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Automotive - Disrupting the composite tooling supply chain 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 119
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 120
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Marine - World’s first 3D-printed yacht with carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic compounds  
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 122
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Sports & Leisure - Additive manaufacturing applications in sporting goods production 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 124
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Sports & Leisure - Making the first 3D-printed carbon fibre bike 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 126
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 127
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Sports & Leisure - lnnovative composite bicycle frame 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 129
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Equipment & Machining - Injection moulding: running tests earlier with 3D printing 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 131
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Equipment & Machining - Large-scalme additive manufacturing of composite thermoplastics - where are we?
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 133
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 134
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Construction - 3D printing and new materials are the core of China’s smarter cities 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 136
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 137
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - Construction - 3D printing technology for building and construction 
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 139
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - EXPERT’S DIGEST - ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING - 2020 - 140
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