JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 44

IR welding

Infrared welding of carbon fabric reinforced thermoplastics
The wide acceptance of high-performance composite materials introduces an issue regarding the bonding of these reinforced polymer materials. This study assesses the use of the infrared welding method for a carbon fabric with a thermoplastic resin system.
being heated. Absorption and conversion of electromagnetic radiation melts the thermoplastic material in the composite structure. The infrared welding cycle (Fig. 1) can be divided into three processing steps: i) heating the surface area of the component by infrared radiation, ii) change-over from the heating to the pressure setup, and iii) joining and cooling of the bond under pressure to allow the matrix to solidify.

By
Ir. Klaas Allaer Dr. Ir. Ives De Baere Prof. Dr. Ir. Wim Van Paepegem Prof. Dr. Ir. Joris Degrieck Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University

Fig. 1: Schematic of the infrared welding process

Critical processing parameters are the heating time, heating distance (distance between the heating source and the part), welding pressure and consolidation time. Thermal diffusion into the parts can be a problem when reinforcement materials with high thermal conductivity are used, such as carbon fabrics. This heat dissipation results in limitations on temperature and heating time during the bonding process. When the heating source is applied for too long, a problem of deconsolidation and delamination between the laminae can occur. In addition, high temperatures may degrade the thermoplastic. Such thermal effects can be minimized by heating only the bond areas on the composite part, at an optimized temperature rate and profile.

F

or better resistance to static and dynamic loads on a composite structure during its life span, reinforced thermoplastic parts are increasingly being used to replace metallic or thermosetting composite parts. Therefore, the joining of thermoplastic composite parts during the manufacturing and assembly process for such structures has become an important issue. As most well-established joining techniques for metallic structures are not directly applicable to composites, and because thermoplastics are difficult to bond adhesively due to their chemical inertness, another way of making structural joints has been considered, called fusion bonding [1]. The fusion bonding process involves consecutively heating and melting the thermoplastic polymer of the composite surfaces to be joined and then pressing the parts together for consolidation. With the infrared welding process, infrared radiation is transmitted to the parts

Composite material
The material used is a carbon fabric reinforced polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) composite called Cetex®, which was supplied by the company Ten Cate – Aerospace Composites [2]. The fibre type used is the carbon fibre T300J 3K and the weave pattern is a 5-harness satin weave. The following stacking sequence was used for this study: [(0º, 90º)]4s, where (0º, 90º) represents one layer of fabric. The individual plates were produced by hot pressing at a temperature of 310°C and a pressure of 10 bar. The in-plane elastic properties and tensile strength properties of the Cetex® composite material are listed in Table 1.

44 jec composites magazine / No77 December 2012



JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012

Cover
Edito
Point of view: strategy
Agenda of Events
COMPANY & BUSINESS In Brief
- Event
APPLICATIONS
- Shelter
- Van
- Bus
MARKET
- Human resources
- Epoxy resin
FEATURE CONSTRUCTION
- Education
- Indian experience
- Civil engineering
- Pipe
- Sewer pipe
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
- Infusion
- IR welding
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS
- 3D preforming
- Tools
- Tools
Index
In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Point of view: strategy
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 6
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - COMPANY & BUSINESS In Brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Event
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Shelter
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Van
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Bus
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Human resources
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Epoxy resin
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Education
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Indian experience
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Civil engineering
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 30
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 32
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 34
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Pipe
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Sewer pipe
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 40
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Infusion
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - IR welding
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - 3D preforming
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Tools
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - - Tools
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #77 - December 2012 - 60
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