JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 47

Fig. 6: PermLab 2 window summing up graphically the results of unidirectional injection experiments: injection pressure and flow front positions in time,
fluid front velocity and convergence plot of permeability at successive front
positions

3. PrinPer: estimation of in-plane
principal permeability values and
flow orientation
from three unidirectional permeability
measurements (see
Figure 4).
4. CharacPer: permeability characterization as a function
of fibre volume
fraction using the
Kozeny-Carman
equation, a power
law or an exponential
fit. Figure 8 shows
an example of such a
permeability model
as a function of fibre
volume content.

Conclusion

of fibrous reinforcements, permeability
allows establishing a relationship between
the injection conditions of a given fabric
and its architecture. The new PermLab 2
integrated workstation is designed to help
the composite industry select appropriate
reinforcing materials for Liquid Composite
Moulding (LCM). n
More information:
www.erftcomposites.com
edu.ruiz@erftcomposites.com
alex@erftcomposites.com
trochu@erftcomposites.com
References
1.

Permeability is not
only required for
numerical simulations, it is also an
important parameter
in Liquid Composite
Moulding (LCM)
to compare how
different fibrous
Fig. 7: Main window of PermLab 1D data acquisition module
preforms can be imis required to accurately measure saturated
pregnated. Used by most industrial suppliers
permeability.
The data acquisition and processing software includes four computer modules:
1. PermLab 1D: real-time data acquisition
for unidirectional saturated/unsaturated
permeability measurements. Figure 7
displays the main data acquisition window
of PermLab 1D. After the measurement
has been carried out with PermLab 1D, the
permeability results can be directly printed
in a comprehensive report with evaluation
of accuracy.
2. PermLab Kz: acquisition and processing of transverse permeability data. This
measurement cannot be carried out with the
PermLab 2 workstation. A different testing
bench is required for transverse permeability
Fig. 8: Permeability model created as a function of fibre volume fraction (Vf)
characterization of cylindrical preforms.
No83 August - September 2013 /

Special JEC Americas 2013

Darcy, H., The fountains of the city of Dijon.
Dalmont, Paris, 1856.
2.
PAM-RTM flow simulation software for
Resin Transfer Moulding, ESI Group, Paris (France), www.
esi-group.com
3.
Gauvin, R., Trochu, F., Lemenn, Y., Diallo,
L., “Permeability Measurement and Flow Simulation
through Fiber Reinforcement”, Polymer Composites, 17:
34-42, 1996.
4.
Diallo, L., Gauvin, R., Trochu, F., “Experimental Analysis and Simulation of Flow through Multi-Layer
Fiber Reinforcements in LCM”, Polymer Composites, 19:
246-256, 1998.
5.
Vernet, N., Trochu, F., “Permeability Analytical Modeling of 3D Interlock Fabrics”, 19th Int. Conf. on
Comp. Mat. (ICCM-19), Montreal (Quebec), Canada, July
29-August 2, 2013.
6.
Trochu, F., Gauvin, R., Gao, D. M., “Numerical
Analysis of the Resin Transfer Moulding Process by the
Finite Element Method”, Advances in Polymer Technology, 12(4): 329-342, 1993.
7.
Ferland P., Guittard, D., Trochu F., “Concurrent Methods for Permeability Measurement in Resin
Transfer Moulding”, Polymer Composites, 17: 149-158,
1996.
8.
Demaria C., Ruiz, E., Trochu, F., “In-plane
Anisotropic Permeability Characterization of Deformed
Woven Fabrics by Unidirectional Injections - Part I: Experimental Results”, Polymer Composites, 28: 797–811,
2007.

jec composites magazine 47


http://www.erftcomposites.com http://www.esi-group.com

JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013

Cover
Edito
Point of view > looking to the future
Contents
Agenda of Events
COMPANY & BUSINESS In Brief
APPLICATIONS
Elevator
Sport & leisure
Defense
E.V.
MARKET
Automotive
US market
SPECIAL JEC AMERICAS
9th I.C.S.
Awards
Canada: country guest of honor
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
Graphene
Tow placement
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS
NDT
Software
Epoxy
Index
In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Point of view > looking to the future
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 8
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Ad1
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Ad2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - COMPANY & BUSINESS In Brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Elevator
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Sport & leisure
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Defense
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 19
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - E.V.
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 21
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Automotive
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 25
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - US market
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 9th I.C.S.
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 32
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Awards
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 36
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Canada: country guest of honor
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 42
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 45
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 48
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 50
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 52
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 57
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 60
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Graphene
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 63
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Tow placement
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 66
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - NDT
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 69
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 70
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 71
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 72
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 73
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Software
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 75
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 76
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 77
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - Epoxy
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 79
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 80
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 81
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 83
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #83 - August/September 2013 - 84
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