JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 16
3D fabrics
Non-crimp 3D fabrics
for composite structures
In recent years, as composites have become
increasingly used in marine and aircraft structures, there has also been increased interest in
using them to replace metals in automobiles,
trucks, and buses.
Fig. 2: Examples of structures made with Saertex non-crimp 3D fabrics
also due to stresses that occur when cutting the parts.
By
Keith Sharp, Product Manager -
3D Fabric
Katharina Frey, Technical Marketing
Thermoplastic Composites
Saertex USA
S
tructural components
for these applications will be based on
continuous fibre reinforcements, which have traditionally been 2D fabrics based
on glass, carbon, or aramid
fibres. Achieving the desired
part thicknesses tends to
require many layers of 2D
textile reinforcements.
The most common failure
mode of these composites
based on 2D laminates is
delamination. Cracks can appear in the matrix formed by
the resin and then advance
readily along the matrix-rich
areas between the layers of
textile reinforcement. These
cracks can form due to differences in the loads carried
by each layer, due to impacts
on the surface (a falling
hammer or wrench), and
3D materials
Saertex 3D fabrics and 3D
billets, where reinforcement fibres are incorporated
through the thickness as
well as in the 0o and 90o
directions, provide several
advantages:
- producing the reinforcements at greater thicknesses
requires less labour to cut
the fabrics and place them in
the mould;
- placing reinforcement
fibres through the thickness
prevents delamination [1, 2,
3, 4].
3D fabrics and 3D billets are
Fig. 1: Saertex 3D Fabric
16 jec composites magazine / No91 August - September 2014
©Saertex GmbH & Co. KG
already used in marine hulls
and structural components,
large industrial structures,
industrial storage tanks,
components for oil drilling, attachment points for
bus bodies, ballistic protection, and amusement park
structures. Examples of
such structures are shown in
Figure 1.
3D fabric/billet materials
consist of three basic parts:
0o, 90o and through-thickness fibres, called Z-fibres,
as shown in Figure 2. Almost
any fibre type and most
fibre/yarn sizes can be used
for the Z-fibres.
No crimp
Saertex 3D fabrics and 3D
billets have the same fibre
architecture. The primary
difference between them
is the thickness. 3D fabrics
have a thickness up to 3 mm
and are shipped in rolls up to
1525 mm wide, while 3D billets can reach up to 50 mm
thickness in one single fabric
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014
Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014
Cover
Edito
Point of view: growing perspectives
Contents
COMPANY & BUSINESS In Brief
Agenda of Events
APPLICATIONS
Bike
3D fabrics
MARKET
Wind energy
ROI
FEATURE AUTOMOTIVE
Resin
Design
CFRP
Natural fibres
Sustainability
Process
3D printing
View
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
RTM
Hybrid structure
TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONS
Polyurethane
Simulation
Core Material
Index
In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Cover
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Edito
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Point of view: growing perspectives
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 5
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Contents
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 7
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - COMPANY & BUSINESS In Brief
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 9
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 10
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 11
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Agenda of Events
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Ad1
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 13
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Ad2
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Bike
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 15
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 3D fabrics
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 17
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 18
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Wind energy
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 20
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - ROI
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 22
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 23
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 24
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Resin
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 26
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 27
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 28
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 29
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 30
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 31
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Design
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 33
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - CFRP
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 35
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Natural fibres
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 37
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 38
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 39
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Sustainability
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 41
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Process
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 43
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 44
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 3D printing
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 46
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 47
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - View
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 49
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - RTM
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 51
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Hybrid structure
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 53
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 54
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 55
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 56
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Polyurethane
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 58
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 59
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Simulation
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 61
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 62
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Core Material
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 64
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - Index
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - In the world
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 67
JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Issue #91 - August/September 2014 - 68
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