JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Special Issue Composites for mobility - May 2020 - 19

Can Europe develop a mass market for electric vehicles?

emissions by 40% in 2030 (and even
to 80-95% lower than the 1990 levels
by 2050) and to significantly reduce
the dependence of its transport systems on oil-based fuels without sacrificing efficiency and compromising
mobility.
Therefore, the EU set CO2 targets for
2030 for all carmakers operating in
Europe, which will probably have an
impact on their product offer.
The CO2 challenge
CO2 target for 2021
From 2021, phased in from 2020, the
EU fleet-wide average emission target
for new cars will be 95 g CO2/km.
This emission level corresponds to a
fuel consumption of around 4.1 l/100
km of petrol or 3.6 l/100 km of diesel.
The binding emission targets for
manufacturers are set according to
the average weight of their vehicles,
using a limit value curve. This means
that manufacturers of heavier cars are
allowed higher emissions than manufacturers of lighter cars. The curve is
set in such a way that the targets for
the EU fleet-wide average emissions
are achieved.
Manufacturers receive additional
incentives to put on the market zeroand low-emission cars emitting less
than 50 g/km through a "super-credits" system. This was already applied
between 2012 and 2015 and will apply again during the 2020-2022 period.
For the purpose of calculating a manufacturer's average specific emissions,
such cars will then be counted as:
- 2 vehicles in 2020;
- 1.67 vehicles in 2021;
- 1.33 vehicles in 2022.
A cap on the super-credits is set at
7.5 g/km per manufacturer over the
three years.
CO2 targets for
the 2025-2030 period
New EU fleet-wide CO2 emission

Fig. 3: Number of
people exposed to
average day/evening/
night noise levels (Lden)
≥ 55 dB in Europe
Source: European
Environment Agency
(EEA)

Fig. 4: Average CO2
emission values of
passenger cars (g/km)
Source: The
International Council of
Clean Transportation
(ICCT) except 2018 and
2019 estimate (Inovev)

targets are set for the years 2025 and
2030 (Regulation (EU) 2019/631
adopted on 17/4/2019), both for
newly registered passenger cars and
newly registered vans. These targets
are defined as a percentage reduction
from the 2021 starting points:
- Cars: 15% reduction from 2025 on
and 37.5% reduction from 2030 on;
- Vans: 15% reduction from 2025 on
and 31% reduction from 2030 on.
The specific emission targets for manufacturers are based on the EU fleetwide targets, taking into account the
average test weight of a manufacturer's newly registered vehicles.
In addition to CO2 targets but also
related, the EU will introduce from
2025 an incentive mechanism (in the
form of a credit system) to boost the
SPECIAL ISSUE Mobility / May 2020

development of zero- and low-emission vehicles (ZLEVs). A ZLEV is
defined in the Regulation as a passenger car or a van with CO2 emissions
between 0 and 50 g/km.
The specific CO2 emission target of
a manufacturer will be relaxed if its
share of ZLEVs registered in a given
year exceeds the following benchmarks:
- Cars: 15% ZLEVs from 2025 on
and 35% ZLEVs from 2030 on;
- Vans: 15% ZLEVs from 2025 on
and 30% ZLEVs from 2030 on.
Exceeding the ZLEV benchmark by
one percentage point will increase the
manufacturer's CO2 target (in g CO2/
km) by one percent. The target relaxation is capped at maximum 5% to
safeguard the environmental integrity
of the Regulation.

/ jec composites magazine

JEC COMPOSITES MAGAZINE - Special Issue Composites for mobility - May 2020

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