April 2018 - Parks & Recreation - 27

Tennes had also claimed the city violated " the doctrine of unconstitutional
conditions. " As described by the court,
the unconstitutional conditions doctrine
prevents the government from coercing
people into giving up their constitutionally protected rights in exchange for a
governmental benefit:
The doctrine applies whether the
government approves a benefit that
comes with a condition or whether the
government denies a benefit because
the applicant refuses to meet the condition...Prospectively, the doctrine
prohibits the government from conditioning a benefit on an agreement that
the recipient refrain from exercising
constitutional rights.
Put another way, the government
cannot indirectly penalize that which
the Constitution otherwise prohibits the
government from regulating directly.
In this instance, Tennes alleged the city
had pressured him to stop attending the
EFLM after his August 2016 Facebook
post. In addition, Tennes claimed the city
had denied his application to participate
in the ELFM in 2017 because he had exercised his constitutionally protected rights
under the First Amendment.
In reviewing Tennes' unconstitutional conditions claim, the federal district
FRXUWIRXQGVXI¿FLHQWIDFWVKDGEHHQDOleged to conclude that the city had arguDEO\GHQLHG7HQQHVDEHQH¿WEDVHGRQKLV
UHOLJLRXV EHOLHIV 6SHFL¿FDOO\ WKH FRXUW
found the city had " reacted to protected
conduct, " conduct motivated by Tennes'
religious beliefs. Further, the court found
the city would have had Tennes " give
up " his religiously motivated conduct " in
order to obtain a vendor license. "
Motion to Dismiss Denied
6LQFH7HQQHVKDGDOOHJHGVXI¿FLHQWIDFWV
in the complaint to support his claim that
the city had violated his First Amendment rights, the federal district court de-

nied the city's motion to dismiss Tennes'
lawsuit. As a result, Tennes would have
an opportunity to pursue and prove his
First Amendment claims against the city
in further proceedings in a full trial.

James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D., is an Attorney
and Associate Professor in the School of
Recreation, Health and Tourism at George Mason
University (jkozlows@gmu.edu). Webpage with
link to law review articles archive (1982 to
present): http://mason.gmu.edu/~jkozlows.

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Parks & Recreation

25

April 2018 - Parks & Recreation

Table of Contents for the Digital Edition of April 2018 - Parks & Recreation

April 2018 - Parks & Recreation - 1
April 2018 - Parks & Recreation - 2
April 2018 - Parks & Recreation - 3
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2016
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/february-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/january-2016
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/october-2015
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/september-2015
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2014
https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/november-2014
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https://www.nxtbook.com/nrpa/ParksRecreationMagazine/december-2013
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