April 2019 - Parks & Recreation - 45

FIGURE COURTESY OF THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (WWW.CDC.GOV/
CLIMATEANDHEALTH/EFFECTS/)

This figure shows the impact of various
climate change conditions on human
health.

mile from park boundaries, helping
cool the neighborhood and reduce
heat stress for residents.

Minimizing Flooding and
Improving Water Quality

Cleaning the Air
Urban tree canopy in parks and
along city streets is estimated to
remove 711,000 metric tons of
air pollution annually (a $3.8 billion value) and sequester more
than 90 million metric tons of
carbon (CO2 equivalent). That's
the equivalent of removing more
than 19 million cars from the
road for one year. Urban trees
also filter particulate matter from
automobiles and other vehicles,
further cleaning the air.

parks can provide multiple benefits. The Trust for Public Land's
Climate-Smart Cities program has
laid out four objectives for parks as
multi-benefit climate solutions:
Cool: Shady green spaces reduce the " heat island " effect to
protect people from heat waves

and reduce summer energy use.
Absorb: Water-smart parks,
playgrounds and streetscapes absorb rainfall, reduce flooding and
recharge drinking water supplies,
while saving energy for water
management.
Protect: Strategically placed

Historic Fourth Ward Park in Atlanta, Georgia.

PHOTO BY DARCY KIEFEL. PROVIDED COURTESY OF THE TRUST FOR PUBLIC LAND

Parks that incorporate watersmart landscaping features (called
" green infrastructure " ) can reduce
flooding and protect water quality. Green infrastructure can filter
as much as 95 percent of major
pollutants out of stormwater runoff. Research has also shown that
green infrastructure features, such
as rain gardens, can reduce stormwater runoff by as much as 90 percent, reducing the likelihood of
costly flooding.

Designing to Protect
Communities
While parks inherently provide
climate and health benefits, there
are opportunities to design them
in a way that provides maximum
climate and health benefits. The
first step is identifying where
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April 2019 - Parks & Recreation

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