August 2011 - Parks & Recreation - 59

Figure 1

As you undertake the
process of
determining future
park, trail, and facility
needs for your
community, it is
important to know
where the current
facilities are located
in relation to the
intended users.

Figure 2

Park Master Plans
As you undertake the process of determining future
park, trail, and facility needs for your community, it
is important to know where the current facilities are
located in relation to the intended users. Mapping of
parks in consideration of major barriers to access is
a quick visual method to ensuring that users have
equitable access to the parks and facilities. Figure
2 shows the distribution of parks in Mountain View,
California, in light of the major interstates, arterials,
and railroads running through the community. Similar maps can be prepared to show the distribution of
other key lands or facilities. GIS mapping functions
can even be used to identify undeveloped or underdeveloped properties that may be potential locations
for future parks in underserved areas.

Customer Service and Revenue Enhancement
A facility used only at peak times seldom approaches break-even operation. To optimize your potential
revenue you need to attract the people likely to use
your facility during its off-hours. Whatever audience
that may be, it is important to know its proximity to the
facility, the time it might take it to get to the facility, its
ability to pay for services, the kinds of user-desired
recreational outcomes, and how to promote your services to that group.
The GIS element allows you to identify the likely " use perimeter " for a facility. Rather than looking
at a circle determined by a simple radius (or a series of concentric circles), you will (thanks to the GIS
graphics) have the ability to see the geographical elements around a site. That visual element allows you
to take into account the barriers that influence the

travel time to the site or the ease of access to it. (For
example, if an interstate highway bisects the community a short distance from the facility, ease of access
will be much different on the highway side than on
the opposite side.)
Once you have determined barriers and the actual shape of the use perimeter for the facility, you
can then draw a polygon around it that reflects those
real-world physical elements (Figure 3), and obtain
the census demographic data for the area within
that polygon. The Cincinnati Recreation Commission's Oakley Recreation center map shows a user
perimeter (Market Trade Area) that is defi ned by
time to get to the center rather than the distance
since it has several barriers to direct access.

www.NRPA .ORG

AUGUST 2011

Parks & Recreation

57



August 2011 - Parks & Recreation

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