August 2014 - Parks & Recreation - 32

Evren Kalinbacak

L AW R E V I E W

Neutral Park Curfew Ordinance Constitutional
By James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D.

T

he case of City of Cleveland v. McCardle, 2014-Ohio-2140; 2014 Ohio LEXIS 1220 (May 28, 2014) described herein is the most recent decision in of
a long line of court opinions arising from the Occupy Wall Street Movement, which began in New York City when hundreds of demonstrators occupied Zucotti Park from September to November 2011 to protest income disparity.
Media coverage inspired similar " Occupy " demonstrations across the United
States, including Cleveland. Like the original gathering, many of these long-term
demonstrations occurred in public parks governed by municipal ordinances specifying hours of operation and curfews. Individuals congregating in these parks
during prohibited hours would be potentially subject to charges of criminal trespass and arrest.
In this particular case, similar to
many " Occupy " court opinions, the
Supreme Court of Ohio applied principles of constitutional law to determine
whether Cleveland's Codified Ordinance 559.541 violated free speech and
assembly rights. This city ordinance
prohibited " any person from remaining
in the Public Square area of downtown
Cleveland between 10 p.m. and 5 a.m.

30

Parks & Recreation

without a permit issued by the Cleveland Department of Parks, Recreation
and Properties. "
Occupy Elsewhere
Around 10 p.m. October 21, 2011, a
group known as Occupy Cleveland
engaged in a demonstration in the
Public Square area of Cleveland. Police officers notified the group that

| AU G U S T 2 0 1 4 | W W W. N R PA . O R G

they needed to leave because of the
city's curfew. Several protesters, including Erin McCardle and Leatrice
Tolls ( " the protestors " ), remained.
McCardle was arrested and charged
with criminal trespass, resisting arrest and a curfew violation under
several Cleveland ordinances, including 559.541. Tolls was also arrested
and charged with criminal trespass
and a curfew violation. Each defendant moved to dismiss the charges,
contending that the city's ordinance
559.541 establishing a curfew in the
Public Square was unconstitutional
under the First and 14th Amendments
to the U.S. Constitution.
After a hearing, the Cleveland
Municipal Court denied each defendant's motion to dismiss. The court
of appeals, however, reversed the
municipal court's judgment and re-



August 2014 - Parks & Recreation

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