August 2017 - Parks & Recreation - 28

L AW R E V I E W

ADA Accessibility Rules for
Alterations to Existing Facilities
By James C. Kozlowski, J.D., Ph.D.

A

s illustrated by the case described, herein, there are two sets of rules for
determining whether a public facility complies with the accessibility requirements under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Public facilities in which construction was completed prior to the effective date
of the ADA (January 26, 1992) are subject to less stringent program accessibility requirements than ADA accessibility standards for new construction and alterations to
existing facilities.
The ADA was signed into law on July
26, 1990. Congress intended this legislation " to provide a clear and comprehensive national mandate for the elimination
of discrimination against individuals with
disabilities. " 42 U.S.C. § 12101(b)(1). Title
II regulates state and local governments
operating public services or programs.
Under Title II of the ADA, a " qualified
individual with a disability " cannot, " by
reason of such disability, be excluded
from participation in or be denied the
benefits of the services, programs or ac-

24

Parks & Recreation

tivities of a public entity, or be subjected
to discrimination by any such entity. "
An individual is excluded from participation in or denied the benefits of a
public program if a public entity's facilities are inaccessible to or unusable by
individuals with disabilities (28 C.F.R.
§ 35.149). In defining accessibility, Title
II's implementing regulations distinguish
between newly constructed or altered facilities, which are covered by 28 C.F.R. §
35.151, and existing facilities, which are
covered by 28 C.F.R. § 35.150.

| A U G U S T 2 0 1 7 | W W W. PA R K S A N D R E C R E AT I O N . O R G

An existing structure or facility is defined as a facility constructed prior to
January 26, 1992. The ADA standards
for existing facilities provide that " a
public entity shall operate each service,
program or activity so that the service,
program or activity, when viewed in
its entirety, is readily accessible and usable by individuals with disabilities " 28
C.F.R. § 35.150 (a)(1).
Title II's emphasis on " program accessibility " rather than " facilities accessibility " for existing facilities was intended to
ensure broad access to public services,
while, at the same time, providing public
entities with the flexibility to choose how
best to make access available. The overall
policy of the ADA is to require relatively few changes to existing buildings, but
to impose extensive design requirements
when buildings are modified or replaced.



August 2017 - Parks & Recreation

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