December 2010 - Parks & Recreation - 38

LAW REVIEW continued from page 33

Constitutionally Protected?
As cited by the federal district court,
the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides: " Congress shall make
no law respecting an establishment of

religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom
of speech, or of the press; or the right
of the people peaceably to assemble,
and to petition the Government for a

redress of grievances. " Further, the
court noted that the First Amendment
is applicable to the states and to their
political subdivisions.
In addressing Higher Taste's First
Amendment challenge to Resolution 4005, the federal district court initially had
to determine " whether Higher Taste's
activities (i.e., selling message-bearing T-shirts) are protected by the First
Amendment. " As noted by the court, it
was " well-settled that the reference to
'freedom of speech' in the First Amendment protects more than oral expression " and includes " protecting words
written on clothing. "
In this particular instance, the federal district court characterized Higher Taste's expressive activity as " selling
message-bearing T-shirts to explicate
principles of non-violence, animal protection, vegetarianism, and spiritual
ecology (as set forth in the Vedic literatures of ancient India). " In so doing, the
court noted further that Metro does not
" dispute that the statements on Higher
Taste's T-shirts fall within the ambit of
the First Amendment. " Metro, however,
contended that " the act of selling, as distinguished from giving away goods, is
not constitutionally protected in the free
speech arena. " The federal district court
rejected this distinction.
According to the court, " when the
sale of merchandise bearing political,
religious, philosophical, or ideological
messages is inextricably intertwined
with other forms of protected expression, the First Amendment applies. " As a
result, the federal district court concluded that " Higher Taste's activities are protected by the First Amendment. " On the
other hand, the federal court acknowledged that it was still possible for Metro
to " craft a valid regulation banning sales
in general, " subject to reasonable time,
place, and manner restrictions:
The government and its political subdivisions (e.g., Metro) may impose
reasonable time, place, and manner
restrictions on speech in a public forum " if (1) it is content neutral; (2) it is
narrowly tailored to serve a significant
governmental interest; and (3) it

Circle 17 on product information form on PAGE 79

34	 Parks & Recreation

DECEMBER 2010

www.NRPA .ORG



December 2010 - Parks & Recreation

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